RVHS 2021 H2 P1 Prelims

2021 RVHS JC2 Preliminary Exams Page 1 of 8 9752/01 History RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL RVHS JC2 Preliminary Examination 2021 In preparation for the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level HIGHER 2 ______________________________________________________________________ History 9752/01 Paper 1: Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 14 September 2021 3 hours ______________________________________________________________________ READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks in given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

2021 RVHS JC2 Preliminary Exams Page 2 of 8 9752/01 History Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UNITED STATES AND THE KOREAN WAR 1 Read the sources and then answer the questions which follow. Source A Korea has become a testing ground in which the validity and practical value of the ideals and principles of democracy which the Republic (South Korea) is putting into practice are being matched against the practices of Communism which have been imposed on the people of North Korea. The survival and progress of the Republic toward a self-supporting, stable economy will have an immense and far-reaching influence on the people of Asia. The Republic of Korea, and the freedom seeking people of North Korea held under Soviet domination, seek for themselves a united, self -governing and sovereign country, independent of foreign control and support. The United States has a deep interest in the continuing progress of the Korean people toward these objectives. The mos t effective, practical aid which the United States can give toward reaching them will be to assist the Republic to move toward self -support at a decent standard of living. In the absence of such assistance, there can be no real hope of achieving a unified, free and democratic Korea. From a speech by US President Harry Truman to Congress, June 1949. Source B On 25 June, a war launched by the South Korean puppet regime of Syngman Rhee broke out in Korea. The South Korean authorities invaded the territory of North Korea but were repulsed by the People's Army, which then went over to a counteroffensive along the entire front and inflicted a crushing blow on the South Koreans. The report of the start of military operations was greeted by the population of North Korea with complete calm. (A member of the population) declared, "The Syngman Rhee clique has wrecked the peaceful unification of our Motherlan d, for their personal interests and in the interests of their American imperialist masters and launched this war. We should respond to this crime through combat and defend our Motherland.” On 27 June, President Truman announced that American armed forces were being sent to Korea to support the South Korean army. On the same day, at the bidding of the Americans, the Security Council approved the aggressive actions of the United States and called upon UN members to give armed assistance to the Syngman Rhee regime. From a report on the Korean situation prepared by the Soviet Foreign Ministry, 11 August 1950.

2021 RVHS JC2 Preliminary Exams Page 3 of 8 9752/01 History Source C The political objective of the UN in Korea is to bring about the complete independence and unity of Korea in accordance with the General Assembly resolutions of November 14, 1947. The United States has strongly supported this political objective. If the pre sent UN action in Korea can accomplish this political objective without substantially increasing the risk of general war with the Soviet Union or Communist China, it would be in our interest to advocate the pressing of the UN action in this conclusion. Military actions north of the 38th parallel which go beyond the accomplishment of the mission to compel the withdrawal of the North Korean forces behind the 38th parallel as, for example, to accomplish the political objective of unifying Korea under the Repu blic of Korea, are not clearly authorised by existing Security Council resolutions. Accordingly, UN approval for military actions in furtherance of this political objective is a prerequisite to their initiation. It would be expected that the UN Commander would receive authorisation to conduct military operations, including amphibious and airborne landings or ground operations in pursuance of a roll-back in Korea north of the 38th parallel, for the purpose of destroying the North Korean forces. From the National Security Council Report, NSC 81, titled “United States Courses of Action with Respect to Korea”, 9 September 1950. Source D Over a year of war and two months of [ceasefire] negotiations in Korea have proved that [the Americans] fear a high -casualty, long-term [war] as well as the development of the peace movement and détente at home and abroad. Thus, [US Secretary of Defense George] Marshall said that after ten years of tension, the conflict in Korea should end. Now that truce negotiations are be ing held, why do the American imperialists so shamelessly continue to carry out provocations to disrupt the negotiations? They attempt to delay the negotiations by displaying their strength, creating tension and pressuring us in order to reach a ceasefire on favourable terms. If the negotiations break down and the war escalates, is it equivalent to the adoption of MacArthur’s adventurist policy? From a speech by Zhou Enlai to the *Central People’s Government Council on the Korean ceasefire negotiations on 3 September 1951. *The Central People’s Government Council was made up of 56 government leaders, including non-CCP members, and CCP decisions were presented to the organ for discussion and execution.

2021 RVHS JC2 Preliminary Exams Page 4 of 8 9752/01 History Source E After his stunning triumph at Inchon and the disorganised retreat of the North Korean invasion force, MacArthur was in no mood to halt his army’s northward advance in the interests of international diplomacy. The general’s prestige and popularity at home w ere such that President Truman did not dare to object when MacArthur unveiled a plan to pursue the retreating North Koreans deep into their own territory, punish them for their aggression, and obtain the kind of unconditional surrender he had gained from t he Japanese five years earlier. Indeed, the White House itself succumbed to the temptation to exploit the favourable military situation to topple the North Korean regime. From analytical narrative on the Cold War by an American historian, published in 2009. Source F A cartoon published in the USSR, Feb 1951. Peace The Red Army: “Your efforts are in vain, sir! We will not put him in harm’s way.” Krokodil. (Krokodil (Crocodile) was a satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union.) Plan of War

2021 RVHS JC2 Preliminary Exams Page 5 of 8 9752/01 History Now answer the following questions: a) Compare and contrast the evidence in Sources A and B on the US -South Korean relationship. [10] b) How far do Sources A-F support the view that the America