P1 VJC 2019 END OF THE COLD WAR

1 © VJC 2019 9752/01 | JC2 Preliminary Examination VICTORIA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019 HIGHER 2 H2 History 9752/01 Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 17 September 2019 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid/tape. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 6 printed pages. [Turn over

2 © VJC 2019 9752/01 | JC2 Preliminary Examination Section A You must answer Question 1. THE END OF THE COLD WAR 1 Read the sources and answer the questions that follow. Source A Imperialism is waging an undeclared war in Afghanistan. Following a policy of political and economic isolation of Afghanistan, the US is giving significant aid and training rebel bands on Pakistani and Iranian territory who are then sent to fight the legal government of Afghanistan. Given the present situation in Afghanistan, defeating the counterrevolution and establishing popular democratic rule in the entire country by the efforts of the Soviet 40 th Army and the Afghan Armed Forces alone would take a very long time. More than 60 tribes live and roam on the borders with Pakistan and Iran. Counterrevolutionary organisations are conducting active ideological recruitment of the tribes , but the Afghanistan government is not undertaking the necessary efforts to work with the tribes and draw them to their side. Report by Soviet Military Leaders to the Soviet Minister of Defence, 10 May 1981. Source B GORBACHEV: We have been fighting in Afghanistan for already six years. If the approach is not changed, we will continue to fight for another 20-30 years. Our military should be told that they are learning badly from this war. Are we going to fight endlessly, as a testimony that our troops are not able to deal with the situation? We need to finish this process as soon as possible. GROMYKO: Too long ago we spoke on the fact that it is necessary to close off the border of Afghanistan with Pakistan and Iran. Experience has shown that we were unable to do this in view of the difficult terrain of the area and mountain passes. Today it is necessary to say that we must work towards ending the war. GORBACHEV: It is necessary to end the war in the course of one year - at maximum two years. Excerpt from a meeting of the Politburo, the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 13 November 1986.

3 © VJC 2019 9752/01 | JC2