P1 RVHS 2019 US POLICY OF RENEWED CONFRONTATION

2019 RVHS JC2 Preliminary Examinations Page 1 of 8 9752/01 History HISTORY 9752/01 Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 18 September 2019 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any two questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages. RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL RVHS JC2 Preliminary Examinations In preparation for the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level HIGHER 2

2019 RVHS JC2 Preliminary Examinations Page 2 of 8 9752/01 History Section A You must answer Question 1. US POLICY OF RENEWED CONFRONTATION 1 Read the sources and then answer the questions which follow. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A Ronald Reagan’s advocacy of the Strategic Defence Initiative struck me as bizarre. Was it science fiction, a trick to make the Soviet Union more forthcoming, or merely a crude attempt to lull us in order to carry out the mad enterprise – the creation of a shield would allow a first strike without fear of retaliation? Yet I had consulted scientists on the issue beforehand, and the volley of arguments which President Reagan launched at me did not catch me unprepared. My answer was sharp and strong. I said that Mr Reagan’s words simply proved that the Americans mistrusted us. Why should we trust them any more than they trusted us? ‘SDI is the continuation of the arms race into a different, more dangerous sphere,’ I continued. ‘It will only foment mistrust and s uspicion, with each side fearing the other is overtaking it. The Soviet Union strongly opposes an arms race in space…I think you should know we have already developed a response. It will be effective and far less expensive than your project, and be ready for use in less time.’… I can assure you that we were not bluffing. Our studies had proved that our answer to SDI could be as I described. An extract from Gorbachev’s memoirs, published in 1996. Source B A subset of the Reagan strategy was U.S. support of p ro-freedom forces in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Angola, and Cambodia. The year 1983 was a critical one for President Reagan and the course of the Cold War. In March, he told a group of evangelical ministers that the Soviets "are the focus of evil in this mode rn world" and the masters of "an evil empire." The same month, the President announced that development and deployment of a comprehensive anti-ballistic missile system would be his top defe