P1 ASRJC 2019 END OF THE COLD WAR

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of the each question or part question. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This document consists of 5 printed pages and 3 blank pages. ANDERSON SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2019 Higher 2 HISTORY Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) Additional Materials: Answer Booklet 9752/01 Wed 4 September 2019 3 hours

2 © Anderson Serangoon Junior College 9752/01 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE END OF BIPOLARITY 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A Whereas the arms race, which we are working so hard to stop, is mankind’s mad race to the bottom, regional conflicts are bleeding wounds which rot the body of mankind. The earth is literally spotted with such wounds. Each of them means pain not only for the nations directly involved but for all – whether in Afghanistan, in Kampuchea, or in Central America. Implementing political settlement in Afghanistan will be an important ruptur e in the chain of regional conflicts. Just as the agreement to eliminate intermediate- and shorter-range missiles is to be followed by a series of further m ajor steps towards disarmament, likewise behind the political settlement in Afghanistan already loom s a question: which conflict will be settled next? And it is certain that more is to follow. States and nations have sufficient reserves of responsibility, political will and determination to put an end to all regional conflicts within a few years. This is worth working for. The Soviet Union will spare no effort in this most important cause. Statement by Gorbachev setting forth the Soviet position on the Afghan War published in the New York Times, 1988. Source B The USSR supports Afghanistan’s efforts to defend its sovereignty. We would like, in the nearest future, to withdraw the Soviet troops stationed in Afghanistan at the request of its government. Moreover, we have agreed with the Afghan side on the schedule for their phased withdrawal as soon as a political settlement is scheduled that ensures an actual cessation and guarantees the non- resumption of foreign armed interference in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. It is in our vital, national interest that the USSR should always have good and peaceful relations with all its neighbours. From Gorbachev’s speech to the Soviet Communist Party Congress, 1986.

3 © Anderson Serangoon Junior College 9752/01 Source C Common sense also told us that to preserve the peace, we had to become strong again after