RVHS H2 HIST P1 QP

2018 RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examinations Page 1 of 5 9752/01 History HISTORY 9752/01 Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 12 September 2018 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any two questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 5 printed pages. RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL Year 6 Preliminary Examination In preparation for the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level HIGHER 2

2018 RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examinations Page 2 of 5 9752/01 History Section A You must answer Question 1. ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR 1 Read the sources and then answer the questions which follow. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A In the post-war period, the US has no long er been pursuing a policy of strengthening the cooperation of the Big Three (or Four) and, on t he contrary, is trying to undermine the unity of these powers. The current policy of the American government with respect to the USSR is directed at limiting or displacing Soviet influence from neighbouring countries. Such a policy relies on weakening and disbanding the democrati c governments in power there which are friendly to the USSR and then replacing them with new governments which would obediently carry out a policy dictated from the US. One of the most important links of overall US policy directed at limiting the international role of the USSR in the post-war world is policy with regard to Germany. The US is taking steps in Germany with special persistence to strengt hen reactionary forces in order to counteract democratic reforms, accompanied by completely insufficient steps regarding demilitarization. A telegram from the Soviet Ambassador in the US, addressed to Soviet Leadership, in September 27, 1946. Source B I have been increasingly disturbed about the trend of international affairs since the end of the war. How do American actions appear to other nations? I mean ac tions like the tests of the atomic bomb and continued produc tion of bombs, the plan to arm Latin America with our weapons, and the effort to secure air bases spread over half the globe from which the other half of the globe can be bombed. I cannot but feel that these actions must make it look to the rest of the world as if we were only paying lip service to peace at the conference table. These facts rather make it appear either that we are preparing ourselves to win the war which we regard as inevitable or that we are trying to build up a large amount of force to intimidate the rest of mankind. It seems logical for the Russians to think all of the defense and security measures of the Western pow ers seem to have an aggressive intent. Our interest in establishing democracy in Eastern Europe, where democracy by and large has never existed, seems to the Soviets an attemp t to re-establish the encircle ment of unfriendly neighbours which might serve as a springboard of still another effort to destroy them. A letter written by US Secretary of Commerce and former Vice President to Roosevelt, Henry A. Wallace, addressed to President Truman, July 23, 1946.

2018 RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examinations Page 3 of 5 9752/01 History Source C When Winston Churchill visited the United States, the former British prime minister, with Truman sitting by his side, made it clear that he had thrown away any neutrality he formerly possessed. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic,” Churchill told his audience at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, “an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” Beyond the curtain, Communist parties endangered Western civilization. Going further than Kennan, Churchill called for an Anglo – American alliance and for joint strategic planning. Truman and his advisors were by no means willing to go that far themselves. But Churchill’s eloquent warning and Kennan’s blunt analysis helped resolve any lingering ambivalence. These changing perceptions of the Kremlin relieved American of ficials of the need to try to reconcile their diverse geopolitical and economic goals abroad with their desire to get along with the Kremlin. Extracted from a book written by an American post-revisionist historian in 1994. Source D Stalin's road to the Cold War, in the years from 1946 to 1950, was strewn with miscalculations. He did not want to provoke American and British "imperialism," yet he overreacted to any perceived threat of it in Germany and in Eastern Europe. In response to the Marshall Plan, Stalin began to consolidate a Soviet security zone in Eastern Europe by ruthless police methods and intensive Comm unist propaganda. Trying to stop Western separatist policies in Germany, he triggered the Berlin blockade crisis…… In short, Stalin's post-war foreign policy was more defensive, r eactive, and prudent than it was the fulfilment of a master plan. Yet instead of postponing a confrontation with the United States and gaining a much-needed respite for recovery, he managed to draw closer to it with every step. A book written by Russian historians in 1996.

2018 RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examinations Page 4 of 5 9752/01 History Source E Russian cartoon about the Truman Doctrine, published in 1947. Source F Contrary to many published repor ts, the chief detrimental effe ct on the US of the Soviet restrictive measure imposed on Berlin has not been interferenc e with transportation and supply but curtailment of certain US activities having to do with for the most part intelligence, propaganda, and operations of the quadripartite Kommandatura*. Concurrently with attempted inspection of US m ilitary rail traffic, the Soviets tightened their security measure and manifested greater intransigence in all city affairs. As a result: (a) the general usefulness of Berlin as a centre of an intelligence network has been impaired, while in particular, access to Soviet deserters and anti-Communist Germans has been made more difficult; (b) since friendly Germans cannot move freely to and from the Soviet Zone or within the city, the US cannot as before, support ant i-Communism within the Soviet Zone; (c) US propaganda cannot be freely disseminated except by radio. Excerpt from a CIA report to the US president, June 14, 1948. *The Allied Kommandatura was the governing body for the city of Berlin following Germany's defeat Now answer the following questions: (a) Compare and contrast the evidence provided in Sources A and B on America’s blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. [10] (b) To what extent do Sources A to F suggest that the Cold War was due to unintended circumstances between the superpowers? [30] Greek Communists

2018 RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examinations Page 5 of 5 9752/01 History Section B You must answer two questions from this section. EITHER 2 "The USA had done more harm than good for t he global economy." How valid is this assessment in the period 1945 to 2000? [30] OR 3 How critical was free trade to the success of South Korea and Taiwan's economy from the 1970s