HCI H2 HIST 9752 P2

This document consists of 4 printed pages and 1 blank page. HWA CHONG INSTITUTION JC2 Preliminary Examination Higher 2 HISTORY Paper 2 The Making of Independent Southeast Asia (Independence – 2000) Additional Materials: Answer Paper 9752/02 18 September 2018 3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name and CT class clearly on every sheet of writing paper submitted. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Please start every question on a fresh sheet of paper and label each question clearly. If you did not manage to complete a question, please hand in a piece of blank paper with your name and CT on it. At the end of the examination, fasten your responses with the string provided together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

9752/02/HCI/PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION/2018 1 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE ENLARGEMENT OF ASEAN 1. Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A It is possible if Vietnam changes its attitude towards neighbours and does not think any longer of invading countries in order to install a government that is friendly. Ideology is not something that is as divisive as it was before. At one time it was unthinkable for Malaysia to have diplomatic relations with any communist country. Now we have diplomatic relations with every communist country. So if Vietnam subscribes to the ideas of ASEAN, the system of government it practises should not be something that stands in the way of their becoming members of ASEAN. I should imagine that eventually they, too, will copy the market economies of ASEAN and they will be less ideological. We do not wish to export our beliefs to other nations. If they want to learn from the moderate attitudes of ASEAN countries, they are welcome.” An excerpt from a television interview of Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad, 1988. Source B International relations are being reordered as a result of the profound and dramatic changes in the world. A new relationshi p between Vietnam and ASEAN is emerging against a very different world backdrop, a world without the Cold War. Singapore welcomes Vietnam’s desire to accede to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation. Constructive relations between Vietnam and ASEAN can eventually lead to a more relaxed strategic environment in Southeast Asia as Vietnam’s economy and policies become more compatible with the ASEAN’ s countries. This will mean peace and prosperity for our peoples. I am confident that Vietnam, Singapore and ASEAN, will work together to bring this about. An excerpt from a speech by Goh Chok Tong at a state banquet in honour of Mr Vo Van Kiet, October 1991.

9752/02/HCI/PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION/2018 2 Source C At the regional level, we have enlarged the ASEAN family, thus strengthening the constructive nature of cooperation and experience-sharing among the nations of Southeast Asia. I cannot stress enough that regional stability is the, combined result of individual achievement of national stability by the countries in the region. Only with harmonious development of the political, ec onomic and social spheres in each country can we aspire for a harmonious achievement of regional progress and security. I am confident that the ASEAN Way is the best mechanism for our common endeavour. In the maintenance of peace and stability in the region, ASEAN’s track record stands as a shining example for all. The increased level of political and security cooperation among member states indicates the significant progress achieved in the implementation of the “Programme of Action on ZOPFAN”. An excerpt from a speech by U Ohn Gyaw, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Myanmar, 2012. Source D A Burmese activist’s depiction of an ASEAN meeting with Myanmar in 1996.

9752/02/HCI/PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION/2018 3 Source E The original members of ASEAN were expected to achieve the AFTA required tariff rates of 0-5% by 2003. The CEPT scheme has provided the most comprehensive coverage with the inclusion of about 86% of intra-ASEAN trade values. By 2000, more than 95% of tariff lines were placed under CEPT. Each member of ASEAN has a 10-year time frame of tariff reduction program under AFTA. By 2003, older ASEAN states have experienced a tariff regime of not more than 5% tariff rate. The newer ASEAN members (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam) were given a longer period to achieve this reduction in light of their level of economic development. Vietnam is targeted to implement AFTA in 2006, while the target year for Laos and Myanmar is 2008, and 2010 for Cambodia. An excerpt from a book by a Singaporean academic, 2005. Source F Some of the key ASEAN leaders, such as President Suharto of Indonesia and Prime Minister Mahathir of Malaysia viewed an expanded ASEAN as part of their legacies The disadvantages of expansion probably outweigh the advantages, as evidenced by the case of Burma. ASEAN argued that admitting Burma would allow it to engage in a process of ‘constructive engagement’ with the authoritarian state, which might facilitate its political reform. This has not happened, and ASEAN has been saddled with an ongoing problem that is pushing ASEAN’s institutional limits and seriously compromising its international standing. An excerpt from an academic journal authored by a Canadian academic, 2008. Now answer the following questions: (a) Compare and contrast the evidence provided by Sources A and B on the ASEAN attitudes towards potential cooperation with Vietnam. [10] (b) How far do Sources A-F support the view that the enlargement of ASEAN in the 1990s hindered its effectiveness as an organisation? [30]

9752/02/HCI/PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION/2018 4 Section B You must answer two questions from this section. EITHER 2 Assess the significance of the Cold War on political stability in independent Southeast Asia. [30] OR 3 How effective were language and religious policies in nation-building efforts in Southeast Asia after independence? [30] AND EITHER 4 Why did government intervention achieve such widely varying levels of economic development in Southeast Asia? [30] OR 5 ‘A devastating crisis.’ How far do you agree with this characterisation of the Asian Financial Crisis? [30] END of PAPER Acknowledgements: Source A Mahathir Mohamad, television forum, “ASEAN and the Challenges Ahead,” Singapore Broadcasting Centre, 1988. Source B Speech by the Prime Minister of Singapore, Goh Chok Tong, at the state banquet in honour of Mr Vo Van Kiet, Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 31 October 1991. Source C Speech by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Myanmar, U Ohn Gyaw. Source D Saw Ngo, New Era Journal 43. Source E Teofilo C. Daquila, The Economies of Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Source F Shaun Naine, “Forty years of ASEAN: a historical review,” The Pacific Review.

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