RI_H2_HIST_P1_Questions

This document consists of 5 printed pages, including this page. Copyright Raffles Institution 2018 [Turn over RAFFLES INSTITUTION PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018 General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 HISTORY (REVISED) 9752/01 Paper 1: Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) September 2018 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your full name, class and register number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions: either Question 2 or Question 3, and either Question 4 or Question 5. Begin every question on a separate sheet of paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together with the given cover sheet. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Copyright Raffles Institution 2018 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A As chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet, I consider it my duty to warn of the growing danger of an exacerbation of interethnic relations and the associated consequences for society. Everyone must obey the laws of the country in which he li ves. And the state will uphold these laws with all the means at its disposal. No one must tolerate nationalist manifestations in any form. What is seen as key to resolving the problems that have accumulated? All the necessary preconditions must be ensured for economic and social progress, the free development of language and culture. The social interests of all republics are firmly interwoven within the framework of the union, and a unified national economic complex based on a countrywide division of labour and production sharing has been established. The richer and brighter the blossoming of each nation is, the stronger our Soviet unity is. A television address by Gorbachev, 3 July 1989. Source B Few observers in the West predicted the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. Here it is useful to bear in mind De T ocqueville’s observation in the ninet eenth century that revolutions occur not when dictatorial regimes are at their most repressive but, rather, when they are seeking to reform themselves. This was certainly the ca se with the Soviet Union under Gorbachev. The Soviet Union was not at the point of collapse when Gorbachev assumed power in 1985; it began to disintegrate as a result of his policies. One of Gorbachev's greatest weaknesses was his failure to understand the revolutionary potential of the nationalist issue. In 1988 and 1989 Armenians demanded separation from Azerbaijan, Georgia demanded independence from central control and the three Baltic republics of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia called for independence. Go