JJC_H2_HIST_HI_P2_Qn

1   PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2016 HISTORY 9731/2  Paper 2: Southeast Asia History 1900-1997 Wednesday 14 th September 2016 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST   1. Answer four questions. 2. You must answer Question 1 (Section A), and any three questions from Section B. 3. Begin each question on a new sheet of paper. 4. Fasten all your work securely together. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. NAME: CLASS:

2   You must answer Question 1. THE ASEAN WAY 1 Read the Sources and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A Two major events further tested ASEAN’s collective action approach to foreign relations and cohesion. The first was the Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea and the second issue was the Indochina refugee crisis which held ASEAN’s attention and concern in the first half of 1979. The refugee crisis which came in the midst of the Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea represented the most important challenge to ASEAN’s collective diplomacy. It saw ASEAN acting collectively and simultaneously on a number of issues. They included ASEAN’s pressure on Vietnam as well as diplomatic insistence that the industrialised nations intervened to stop the exodus of the boat people and accelerate the intake of Indo-Chinese refugees. In maintaining its strong collective position on the refugee crisis, ASEAN achieved a common foreign policy on the issue. It certainly added signi ficant foreign policy value to the member states. From a book ‘ASEAN’s Foreign Relations’ by Rajendran, M., 1985. Source B We must now think at two levels. We must think not only of our national interests but assert them against regional interests: that is a new way of thinking about our problems. And these are two different things and sometimes they can conflict. Secondly, we must also accept the fact, if we are really serious about it, that regional existence means painful adjustments to those practices and thinking in our respective countries. We must make these painful and difficult adjustments. If we are not going to do that, then regionalism remains just an imagination. Extracted from a speech by S. Rajaratnam after the signing of the Bangkok Declaration in 1967. Source C This ASEAN Way, with its emphasis on non-interference and consensus, had developed into an approach that provided an alternative to the more dominant Western one. Post Cold War Southeast Asian dynamics offered the so-called ASEAN Way as an approach that may provide a positive model of engagement. But the ASEAN approach quickly became more challenging since ASEAN's attempts to mimic the values of other regions were puzzling in thei