RVHS_H2_HIST_P1

2016 RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examinations 2 Page 1 of 5 9731/01 History       HISTORY 9731/01 Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 15 September 2016 3 hours   READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks.                   This document consists of 4 printed pages. RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL Year 6 Preliminary Examination 2 In preparation for the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level HIGHER 2

2016 RVHS Year 6 Preliminary Examinations 2 Page 2 of 5 9731/01 History   Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UNITED NATIONS AND PEACEKEEPING AFTER THE COLD WAR 1 Read the sources and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A Between the tasks of seeking to prevent conflict and keeping the peace lies the responsibility to try to bring hostile parties to agreement by peaceful means. Chapter VI of the Charter sets forth a comprehensive list of such means for the resolution of conflict. These have been amplified in various declara tions adopted by the General Assembly, including the Manila Declaration of 1982 on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes. The United Nations has had wide experie nce in the application of these peaceful means. The present determination in the Security Council to resolve international disputes in the manner foreseen in the Charter has opened the way for a more active Council role. With greater unity has come leverage and persuasiv e power to lead hostile parties towards negotiations. I urge the Council to take full advant age of the provisions of the Charter under which it may recommend appropriate procedures or methods for dispute settlement and, if all the parties to a dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties for a pacific settlement of the dispute. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, 1992. Source B After 1988 UN peacekeeping went through someth ing of a transition. With glasnost and perestroika came an unprecedented co-operat ion among the five permanent members of the Security Council leading to an era of ex pansion and optimism. This was not only in terms of the number of missions undertaken, but also in the scope of activity. More peacekeeping operations have be en established since 1989 than in the previous 45 years of the UN's history. In peacekeeping operations during this era, such as the UN Observer Mission in El