NJC_H2_HIST_P1_Question

1 NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE General Certificate of Education Advanced Level PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2016 HISTORY 9731/01 Higher 2 Paper 1 24 August 2016 International History, 1945-2000 3 Hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and registration number in the space provided on the answer paper. Write in dark blue or black ink. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. Please start each answer on a fresh sheet of paper, and label your answers clearly according to the question number. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Please place the cover sheet in front of your examination script. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UN AND COLD WAR PEACEKEEPING 1. Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A Interviewer: You were making things up as you went along. Sir Brian Urquhart: Well, few of us even knew where the Congo was. That’s how prepared we were. But we had to make it up as we went along, and for about two months, it was an extraordinary success. We did manage to get things quieted down. We got the Belgians out. We managed to get the government going again. We started training all the people who h ad to be trained in the public sector. We started training the army. But then, unfortunately, three months later the Congo broke out on Cold War lines. While the United States backed President Joseph Kasavubu who was a rather dim figure, the Soviet Union backed Lumumba, the prime minister, who was a firebrand and an extremely volatile figure. So you had a civil war, on which was superimposed the Cold War in the outside world, and that was a nightmare. We kept going for another four years but it was very, very difficult. Excerpt from an interview with Sir Brian Urquhart, advisor to Secretary- General Dag Hammarskjold in the Congo, 1996. Source B Largely due to the efforts of the Soviet Union, which was fearful of the possibility of a serious Egyptian defeat, the United Nations Security Council imposed a cease-fire effective 22 October. This cease-fire was soon violated, however, by both sides and a second and final cease-fire was established on 24 October. At that time of the ceasefire, Egyptian forces still occupied positions on the eastern side of the Canal… Both the United States and the Soviet Union we re deeply committed to ending the