PJC H2 HIST P2

1 Candidate’s Name: _____________________________ CT Group: _______ Index no: ________ PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE H2 HISTORY JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2016 9731/02 History of Southeast Asia, 1900 – 1997 DATE: 21/09/2016 (WED) TIME: 0800–1100 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. Write your answers on the separate answer papers provided. If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together. Attach this cover page on top of your answer scripts upon submission of paper. Information to candidates: All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for grammatically correct English and clear presentation in your answers. For official use: Question No. Full Marks Marks Obtained ( 1 ) /25 ( ) /25 ( ) /25 ( ) /25 TOTAL: 100

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. MYANMAR’S MEMBERSHIP OF ASEAN 1 Read the sources and then answer the question. When answering Question 1 , candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A The Foreign Ministers welcomed warmly t he admission of Laos and Myanmar into ASEAN. They expressed satisfaction that the admission of Laos and Myanmar, on the 30th Anniversary of ASEAN, had advanced the vision of the Founding Fathers to build a united community of the Southeast Asian Na tions. The Foreign Ministers recalled the decision taken by ASEAN Heads of State/Government at the 5th Summit in Bangkok in December 1995 to admit Cambodia into ASEAN and underlined their conviction that the admission of Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar would serve the long term interest of regional peace, stability and prosperity. They agreed that a firm foundation for common action to promote regional cooperation in Southeast Asia is being accomplished. From the Joint Communique of the 30 th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, July 1997. Source B The Myanmar issue has already shaken up the Southeast Asian gr ouping, which has been criticised in the past for its policy of not in terfering in the inter nal affairs of member states. ASEAN appeared to break with this tr adition during its annual ministerial meeting in Cambodia last month, demanding the Nobel peace laureate’s release. Mahathir said, “We have already informed t hem that we are very disappointed with the turn of events and we hope that Aung San Suu Kyi will be released as soon as possible… We are very disappointed over these things and of course, we have done our very best to try and get them to change their minds but if t hey are willing to defy the world, then what can Malaysia do? We don’t criticise member states unless what one state does embarrasses us, causes a problem for us. We are thinking about ourselves as ASEAN, we are not criticising Myanmar for doing what is not related to us, but what they have done has affected us, our credibility. Because of that, we have voiced our views.” Mahathir Mohammed, then Prime Minister of Malaysia, speaking to journalists from Agence France-Presse, 20 July 2003. Source C This Summit is taking place at a time when our region is facing unprecedented challenges. One of them is the strengtheni ng of ASEAN unity. In an organisation composed of 9 nations, and hopefully soon to be 10, it is natural that while we enjoy many similarities, there are also differences in levels of development and out looks. However, there are some people, particularly from outside the r egion, who are criticis ing ASEAN values and

3 the ASEAN way of life. But these people are wrong. Some nations may be readjusting politically, economically and so cially to new circumstances and conditions, but all ASEAN members remain united in the commitment to ASEAN ideals for regi onal integration. The ASEAN way of seeking consensus continues to be valid today. By pursuing quiet diplomacy and enhanced pos itive interaction, we shall su rely be able to overcome the pessimists and build an ASEAN worthy of taking its rightful place in the international community. Opening Remark by Senior General Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar, at the 6 th ASEAN Summit, December 1998. Source D The enlargement of ASEAN sought to seek and develop new markets within Southeast Asia with the intention of en hancing the international com petitiveness of ASEAN against rival closed trading blocs like the European Union (EU). It was believed that the expansion of ASEAN to include Vietnam, Laos, Cambodi a, and Burma would be an economic boon as it greatly increases the popul ation of ASEAN, allowing for a larger consumer base that will attract international investments and incr ease intra-ASEAN trade. Burma’s entry is of particular interest as she has an abundance of inexpensive natural resources coveted by ASEAN members, including lumber, natural gas and minerals. As Southeast Asia’s forests are systematically exploited and despoiled, Burma’s still lar ge reserves of tropical hardwoods have become a magnet for regional and foreign investment. Many foreign investments in Burma’s forestry industry are from companies in ASEAN. ASEAN’s inclusion of Burma will prove to be economically beneficial to both Burma and ASEAN. From an academic article, 1999. Source E The most troublesome problem is Myanmar’s admission into ASEAN as it places ASEAN in the undesirable position of being an inter national advocate for State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC)* and a defender of human rights violations. SLORC was using ASEAN to protect its ow n position internationally and to deflect pressure from the West, especially in the context of their re cent crackdown of democratic movements. ASEAN accordingly insisted that the issue wa s an internal one and that the principle of non-interference in the domestic affairs of me mber countries applied. Aung San Suu Kyi asked ASEAN to consider economic sa nctions against SLORC, a demand that was supported by Western delegations at the ASEAN Regional Forum. ASEAN was warned that ties with the EU could be undermined by its support for SLORC. *SLORC was the official name of t he military regime that governed Bu rma (Myanmar) in the aftermath of the 8888 Uprising. Adapted from an article by an academic, ASEAN’s New Challenges, 1997. Now answer the following question. How far do Sources A-E support the view that Myanmar’s membership of ASEAN strengthened the regional organisation?

4 Section B You must answer three questions from this section. You must support each answer with examples drawn from at least three countries. 2 How important was religion and culture in the rise of nationalist movements in Southeast Asia before World War II? 3 Assess the view that collaboration with co lonial powers had the greatest impact on the nationalist movements’ struggle for independence in Southeast Asia in the years from 1945. 4 Why was the establishment of democracy mo re successful in some states than others in Southeast Asia since independence? 5 ‘Government interventions in the economies of independent Southeast Asian states have been a force for stability.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? 6 How far were inter-state tensions in So utheast Asia since 1945 caused by racial and religious divisions? ---THE END---