2013_MI_H1_History

Class Adm No Candidate Name: This question paper consists of 4 printed pages. 2013 Promotional Examination II Pre-university 2 H1 HISTORY 8814/01 18 September 2013 International History 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Begin each question on a fresh sheet of writing paper. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. All questions in this paper carry equal marks.

2 Section A You must answer Question 1 UN PEACEKEEPING IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD 1. Read the sources, and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the Sources both individually and as a group. Source A Since the end of the Cold War, there has been an explosion in international peacekeeping missions. From Bosnia to the Ivory Coast to East Timor, the pattern has been the same: a political rebellion (often with ethnic overtones), a brutal crackdown, a humanitarian tragedy - and a crisis that finally spurs the international community to action. Peacekeepers are sent in to enforce an often theoretical peace and build a nation from scratch. Peacekeeping has become synonymous with nation-building. And so far, none of these exercises have been particularly successful. Excerpt from an article by a freelance journalist, writing for Yale Centre for the Study of Globalization, which serves Yale University, 2004. Source B Russia, the traditional ally of the Serbs, has blocked a weak Security Council statement criticizing the Serbs for their attack on the United Nations-declared "safe areas’ in eastern Bosnia, and for their expulsion of Muslims and Croats from their homes in northern Bosnia in a new round of "ethnic cleansing." After tw o days of debate, Security Council members were unable tonight to agree on a statement condemning the Serbs. Russia objects to the phrase "ethnic cleansing," which has been used by the Serbs themselves to describe their campaign of terrorizing non-Serbs into fleeing. Instead, Moscow pressed for a more general condemnation of "violence and terror" that could apply to all groups in Bosnia. Taken from an article in the New York Times, April 1994. Source C There can be little doubt that the worst days for the organization are behind it. During the Cold War, the Security Council could never function as intended, because the Soviet Union used its veto power as a permanent member of the Security Council to thwart actions opposed by its client states or by General Asse mbly blocs that Soviet diplomacy sought to estrange from America a