RI_H1_HISTORY_P1

Copyright. Raffles Institution, Paper 1 International History Preliminary Examination 2014 RAFFLES INSTITUTION Year 6 Preliminary Examinations 2014 HISTORY 9731/01 Higher 1 and Higher 2 16th September 2014 Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 3 hours COVER SHEET Name : CT class : Question No. For Examiner’s Use Only Marks 1 TOTAL

Copyright. Raffles Institution, Paper 1 International History Preliminary Examination 2014 RAFFLES INSTITUTION Year 6 Preliminary Examinations 2014 HISTORY 9731/01 Higher 1 and Higher 2 16 September 2014 Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CT class on the cover sheet and all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Indicate the question numbers attempted in the space provided on the cover sheet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work and the cover sheet securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 5 printed pages, including the cover sheet.

RAFFLES INSTITUTION 2014 3 Section A You must answer Question 1. The USA and United Nations Peacekeeping 1. Read the sources and then answer the question which follows. Source A The shock of American losses, etched on television, galvanised President Clinton into a decision to withdraw all American troops from Somalia. Clinton administration aides whispered that the White House had known practically nothing about what was going on in Somalia and publicly blamed Boutros Boutros-Ghali and the UN for leading American soldiers into a debacle. New American forces en route to Somalia “will be under American command” leaving the false impression that the troops already there were not under American command. The American decision to withdraw crippled the Somalia operation. The name Somalia became a buzzword for failure. The Clinton administration issues stringent new guidelines for American participation of UN peacekeeping. If these guidelines were follow ed strictly, the US would never support any peacekeeping operation again. Views of a Los Angeles foreign and diplomatic correspondent, 1995 Source B However, a growing body of legal and academic writing justified the failures of these international peacekeeping interventions in Africa under the pretext of UN Member States’ unwillingness or inability to respond to a burgeoning number of crises, citing non-compliance by one of the part