MI_H1_HIST_P1_Answer

Answer Scheme for 2015 Promotional Examination 2 PU2 H2 History Paper 1 Setter: Jake Answer Scheme: Adilah How far do Sources A to E support the view that the Cold War enhanced the ability of the UN Secretary General to maintain international peace and stability? Sources L2/3 (Analysis) L4/5 (CK/CR) L4/5 (Tone/Provenance/Purpose/u sefulness) A- From an essay by an America n professo r of law, publishe d in 1995. S – “It was the institutional paralysis created by the Cold War which gave the Secretary-General the elbow room for bold initiatives” such as Trygve Lie used the communist infiltration in Greece to establish a legitimate and impartial role for his office. By mid-eigthies, “the office of the Secretary General had gained in stature in relation to other UN organs.” CR – Source C Role of Sec -Gen expanded through the dispute settlement role “that was clearly separate from other UN political organs”. Source C mentioned about the creative interpretations of his role and expansion of his scope of responsibility, which can be seen in Source A’s Trygve Lie usin g the dispute settlement role in Greece. CK – the time of 1995 can be said to be the post-Cold War period and thus a period of optimism under the ‘new world order’ especially for US. Being American, the writer might be reflecting the mood of his time, due to the expansion of the role of the Unite d Nations and the closer relations between US and UN during this time as well, with its scope enlarging to humanitarian efforts as well. This can be further seen in the fact that the author described how the UN and the Security Council was “constrained by Cold War politics” even up Provenance: As a professor of law, he would have done in depth research and would thus be accurate in his analysis. Usefulness: However, being in 1995, it is also known that the UN had largely failed in the African region, for example in 1994 the Security Council passed a resolution to withdraw troops from Rwanda. In Somalia two UN operations broke down in failure such that Boutros Boutros-Ghali called for a new division of labour between UN and regional forces. Thus this source is limited by its time in showing the subsequent failures of the UN Sec-Gen.

2 Sources L2/3 (Analysis) L4/5 (CK/CR) L4/5 (Tone/Provenance/Purpose/u sefulness) till the mid -eighties, thus Cold War having ended by the time this source was written, the ‘constraints’ would no longer be there. B- From a book written by a retired British ambassa dor to the United Nations, 1995. C – The Secretary - Generals did not receive the “minimal support” they needed such as Da g Hammorsjkold who if he had not died in 1961, would have been a cause for failure attributed by the Soviet Union. The source mentioned that subsequent Secretary - Generals “went out of their way to avoid giving offence to major UN players, in part