YIJC_JC2_History_Prelims_2020_H1

©YIJC 2020 [Turn over YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Higher 1 CANDIDATE NAME CG INDEX NO HISTORY Paper 1: The Cold war and the Modern World (1945-2000) Additional Materials: Writing paper & cover sheet 8821/01 26 August 2020 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class, and question number on the cover page and writing paper provided. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tape Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two Questions At the end of the examination, answers for Section A and Section B should be fastened separately. Each section should be fastened with a cover page. The number of marks is given in the brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 5 printed pages and 1 blank page.

©YIJC [Turn over 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow: Source A I understand your concern for the security of the United States, Mr President, but we too are disturbed about these same questions. Our aim has been and is to help Cuba, and no one can dispute the humanity of our motives, which are oriented toward enabling Cuba to live peacefully and develop in the way its people desire. You wish to ensure the security of your country, and this is understandable. Cuba, too, wants the same thing. But how are we, the Soviet Union, to assess your actions which are expressed in the fact that you have surrounded the Soviet Union with military bases; surrounded our allies with military bases; placed military bases literally around our country; and stationed your missile armaments there? Your missiles are located in Britain, are located in Italy, and are aimed against us. Your missiles are located in Turkey. You are disturbed over Cuba because it is 90 miles from the coast of the USA. But Turkey adjoins us. Our sentries patrol back and forth and see each other. Do you consider, then, that you have the right to demand security for your own country and the removal of the weapons you call offensive, but do not accord the same right to us? You have placed destructive missile weapons in Turkey, literally next to us… Excerpts from Khrushchev’s private message to Kennedy, 27 October 1962. Source B The reality is that after the Bay of Pigs invasion, Fidel Castro announced he officially joined the Soviet bloc. With that declaration, the obligation of the Soviets was now to defend all their clients, all their allies because otherwise they would lose face ... and your allies would not trust you. Cuba, after 1961,