TMJC H1 Prelims

TAMPINES MERIDIAN JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION CANDIDATE NAME CIVICS GROUP H1 HISTORY The Cold War and the Modern World (1945-2000) 8821/01 Paper 1 18 September 2020 3 hours Additional materials: 12 Page Answer Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. __________________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 5 printed pages.

2 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2020 JC2 Preliminary Examination H1 History You must answer Question 1. THE END OF THE COLD WAR 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow: Source A In the summer of 1989 at a Warsaw Pact meeting, Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking’ encouraged the communist regimes of eastern Europe to determine their own futures by means of political and political reforms. Poland took the lead and Solidarity became a political party and its leader Lech Walesa was elected president of Poland. Hungary followed by dismantling its barriers to the west. In East Germany, Erich Honaker and his regime were toppled and on 9 November 1989, the Berlin Wall was dismantled. The following month, in what Vaclav Havel referred to as the ‘velvet revolution’, communism was overthrown in Czechoslovakia. Only in Romania, where the ousted dictator Nicolai Ceausescu and his wife were executed, did revolutionary change result in bloodshed. From a British historian about European History, published in 1999 Source B The Nobel Committee has decided to award the 1990 Peace Prize to Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union, for his leading role in the peace process. During the last few years, dramatic changes have taken place in the relationship between East and We st. Confrontation has been replaced by negotiations. Old European nations have been allowed to regain their freedom. The arms race is slowing down and we see a definite and active process in the direction of arms control and disarmament. These historic changes spring from several factors, but in 1990 the Nobel Committee wants to honour Mikhail Gorbachev. The greater openness he has brought about in Soviet society has also helped promote international trust. An extract from the citation of the Nobel Peace Prize Committee in 1990

3 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2020 JC2 Preliminary Examination H1 History Source C The rapid-fire series of events that transpired between 1985 and 1990 stunned governmental decision-makers, foreign policy experts, and ordinary citizens alike across the world.