PJC_H1_HIST

1 Candidate's Name: __________________________ CT Group: _________ PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE H1 HISTORY JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2018 8821/01: The Cold War and the Modern World (1945–2000) DATE: 13/09/2018 (THU) TIME: 1400–1700 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. Write in dark blue or black ink. Start each answer on a new piece of paper. If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together. Information to candidates: You are reminded of the need for grammatically correct English and clear presentation in your answers. For official use Question No. Full Marks Marks Obtained 1(a) /10 1(b) /30 /30 /30 TOTAL: 100

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3 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an "iron curtain" has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and a ll are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. The Russian-do minated Polish government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these eastern states of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their number s, are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in every sense, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy. Excerpt from former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech, 5 March 1946. Source B The following circumstances should not be forgotten. The Germans made their invasion of the USSR through Finland, Po land, Rumania, Bulg aria and Hungary. The Germans were able to make their invasion through these countries because, at the time, governments hostile to the Soviet Union existed in these countries. As a result of the German invasion the Soviet Uni on has lost irretrievably in the fighting against the Germans, and also through the German occupation and the deportation of Soviet citizens to German servitude, a total of about seven million people. In other words, the Soviet Union’s loss of life has been several ti mes greater than that of Britain and United States of America put together. Possibly in some quarters an inclinati