HCI_H2_ECONS_Q5
Uploaded by hima · 3 June 2023
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5a) Using the concepts of scarcity and opportunity cost, explain why governments are often concerned with high levels of unemployment. [10] 5b) High youth unemployment rates are increasingly a problem in many parts of the world. Weak economy, too many graduates and the lack of suitable jobs created are often cited as the culprits. Assess the relative importance of the various reasons for youth unemployment in different countries. [15] Outline a) Using the concepts of scarcity and opportunity cost, explain why governments are often concerned with high levels of unemployment. [10] 1. Concept of scarcity Explain the concept ‐ Scarcity refers to the situation where the limited resources available are unable to satisfy the unlimited human wants. Resources are means of production and they are finite in amount at any point in time. Hence, the quantity of output produced will also be limited. Unlimited wants refer to the desire for ever higher levels of consumption. These desires increase over time. As soon as old wants are satisfied, new wants are created. The wants are satisfied through the consumption of goods and services. Explain unemployment is situation where resources are not fully utilized leading to wastage of resources and/or that unemployment may cause economic to slow down ‐ With unemployment, the economy’s actual output may be significantly less than its potential output. In the event of prolonged unemployment it may cause a person to lose touch of the skills and knowledge he once possessed, causing a lowering of the economy’s potential growth. High unemployment has impact on non‐material standard of living as well. Unemployment appears to be linked to a greater incidence of crime, violence on streets, drug abuse, alcoholism and vandalism, which in turn affects the investors’ confidence in the economy. This may lead to fall in investment in the economy and affects economic growth. Insufficient goods & services are produced to satisfy wants Hence unemployment worsens the problem of scarcity 2. Concept of opportunity cost Explain the concept ‐ Opportunity costs measure the cost of making a choice, in terms of the next best alternative foregone.
With unemployment, more goods & services could have been produced. The government loses tax revenues due to the loss in income since the unemployed can no longer pay income tax. They are also more prudent in their spending, so there will be less collection of GST. The fall in tax revenue would mean that the government would have fewer funds available for infrastructural development which would hinder economic growth. Moreover, the government needs to spend on welfare payments sacrificing on other important projects like developing infrastructure or raising quality of education & healthcare. Note: PPC diagram is not required to obtain L3 L3 Ability to use both concepts in explaining the costs of une
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