EJC_H2_ECONS_P1_QP

© EJC 2018 9757/01 [Turn over EUNOIA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examination 2018 General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 Economics Paper 1 Case Studies 9757/01 11 September 2018 2 hours 15 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, civics group and question number on the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Begin your answer to each question on a fresh sheet of paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten your answers to Question 1 and Question 2 separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Please note that Paper 1 takes up 40% of the total score. This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page

© EJC 2018 9757/01 [Turn over Question 1: Prosperous Phosphorous Table 1: World and regional growth in fertiliser demand, 2014 to 2018 Region Nitrogen Phosphate World 1.4% 2.2% Africa 3.2% 2.7% Americas 1.6% 2.4% Asia 1.3% 2.2% Europe 1.1% 1.1% Oceania 1.2% 1.2% Source: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, accessed 14.08.18 Extract 1: The essential element The term phosphate rock is used to denote any rock with high phosphorus content. Some phosphate rock is used to make calcium phosphate nutritional supplements for animals. Pure phosphorus is used to make chemicals for use in industry. The most important use of phosphate rock, though, is in the production of phosphate fertilisers for agriculture. Virtually all common fertilisers comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, NPK for short. Without phosphorus, we cannot produce food. As an essential nutrient in fertilisers for food production, phosphorus has no substitute. Phosphorus ensures soil fertility and high crop yields, supports farmer livelihoods and ultimately food security of the global population. Yet the world’s farmers depend on phosphorus sourced from finite phosphate rock, wh ich is becoming more scarce, expensive and is concentrated in only a few countries: Morocco alone controls three-quarters of the world’s remaining high-quality phosphate reserves. At the same time, inefficient use of phosphorus throughout the food systems is polluting our rivers and oceans causing toxic algal blooms. Adapted from Minerals Education Coalition & Phosphorus Futures, accessed 20.06.18 Extract 2: What’s shaping the future of phosphorus? Numerous global trends have caused the demand for phosphorus to increase at an unsustainable rate. Especially in developing regions, rapid population growth has led to increased phosphorus demand, with the rate of NPK fertiliser increasing by over 600 percent from 1950 to 2000. In developed regions, on the other hand, the shift towards a diet of meat and cheese