ACJC H1 GEO Answer Q1-5 Phy

© ACJC 2016 H1/8812/01 1 ANGLO-CHINESE JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 Preliminary Examinations 2016 GEOGRAPHY 8812/01 Higher 1 Time: 3 hours 19 August 2016 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer four questions. Section B Answer one question in this section. Section C Answer one question in this section. You are advised not to spend more than 1 hour 30 minutes on Section A. The insert contains all the Figures, Tables, and Photographs referred to in the questions. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or in the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the question. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. The number of the marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. On the cover sheet provided, include:  Your name and index no.  The question numbers of the question you have attempted in the boxes provided, and place the cover sheet as the top page over your answers.  At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together as one bundle. This document consists of 5 printed pages, including this cover page. Insert 1 consists of 9 printed pages. Department of Geography Anglo-Chinese Junior College 25 Dover Close East Singapore 139745 [Turn Over

© ACJC 2016 H1/8812/01 2 Section A Answer four questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 1 Photograph A shows one type of granite landform found in a temperate region. Photograph B shows one type of limestone landform found in a humid tropical region. (a) Identify each of the landform shown in Photographs A and B. A : Tabular or temperate tor B: Cone or cockpit karst [2] (b) Explain how geology and climate may influence weathering and erosional processes to produce the landforms shown in Photographs A and B. A brief description of the main features of each landform is expected Role of geology & climate Tabular or temperate tor  Answer could be anchored using the concept of the periglacial theory  Joints and chemical composition of granite  Cuboidal joints guiding earlier phase of hydrolysis during warmer and wetter period  Ice age – periglacial climate – cuboidal joints  frost wedging, and also solifluction (erosional process)  Temperate climate – dominant process would be that of frost weathering Cone or cockpit karst  Answer could use the framework of landform development based on the surface solution or underground solution of limestone  Role of grid joints and master joints guiding the process of carbonation  Details of the process of carbonation  Enlargement joints and cockpits forming at intersection of joints  Cockpit could enlarge when several merge  Surface of conical hills channel water to the cockpit rapidly, leading to comparatively lower rates of carbonation and solution.  Cockpit locations – lowest point and thus water collects there an accelerated rates of carbonation occur  Esp high rates of carbonation due the tropical climate, ie, high rainfall and high temperature  Role of erosion is significantly lower compared to that of tower karst. [10]

© ACJC 2016 H1/8812/01 3 Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 3 EITHER Fig. 2A shows the annual hydrographs of two rivers, the Ock and the Lambourn in UK in year 2000. Figs. 2B and 2C show the drainage basins and the drainage networks of River Ock and River Lambourn respectively. (a) Compare the annual hydrographs of the two rivers shown in Fig. 2 A, and, with the aid of Figs. 2B and 2C, discuss two natural factors that may account for the differences. [6] (b) With reference to one type of human activity, explain how this may affect the hydrograph of River Lambourn. [2] (c) Explain how you will car ry out f ield investigation to obtain the river discharge of each of the two rivers. [4] Lithospheric and Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 4 EITHER Fig. 4 shows the Strahkov’s model of weathering. Photograph C shows a braided river. (a) Define the term basal surface of weathering as shown in Fig. 4. [1] (b) Describe the relationship between climate and the depth of regolith shown in Fig. 4. [2] (c) Account for the differing depths of regolith between the semi-desert and desert climate and tropical rainforest climate. [8] (d) With reference to Photograph C, explain how some of the fluvial features of the braided stream are influenced by the climatic factor. [3] Answer one question in this section. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 5 Either (a) Describe and explain the nature of volcanic activity at destructive plate boundaries.  Nature of destructive plate boundaries – Oceanic- continental type, and the oceanic-oceanic lithosphere plates convergence  Over-riding p late is either the continental one (lower density) or the young oceanic plate (lower density as well).  Brief details of t he role of subduction, metamorphism, fractional crystallisation in the formation of silic or felsic lava to result in acidic lava [9]

© ACJC 2016 H1/8812/01 4  Main lava types – andesitic and rhyolitic types  High degree of explosiveness ; eruption style could range from the milder one of strombolian, vulcanian to much more explosive ones like the pelean and the plinian types.  Ejected material could involve slow-flowing silicic lava, pyroclastic flow, ash fall and ash flow,  Could also result in volcanic ejecta mixing with waters in rivers or from melted snow  lahar or mudflow  Volcanic type according to form include compo site cone, ash and cinder, scoria cone, volcanic dome (b) How far do you agree that impacts of volcanic activities are largely determined by the accuracy of the prediction of the event? Content expected & approach  An introduction that outline the intended approach, including delimiting boundary of discussion for key terms in in question: impacts and prediction.  Impacts on the physical and human environment should be explained through examples, and the nature of impacts and the severity of impacts are evaluated in relation to the accuracy of prediction.  The methodology of prediction which would include the various ways to monitor is outlined.  A top -level answer would have included the other ways to manage or mitigate the impacts (supported by relevant examples), and where there were varying degree of success; these could include short -responses (warning and evacuation, food, shelter, water, medical aid), and long-term responses of hard engineering (lava dams, barriers, etc).  It would also recognize that the nature of the volcanic eruption in term s of magnitude, nature of erup