2013 TJC H2 Geography P1

JC2H2PE2013P1 1 SECTION A TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2013 GEOGRAPHY 9730/01 Higher 2 September 2013 Paper 1 Physical Geography 3 hours Additional Materials: Insert with Figures Colour Photographs and Diagrams World Outline Map READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, Centre number and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paperclips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all data response questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. You should spend time according to marks allocated to questions. Ensure you receive all Photographs, Figures and the World Outline Map Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This document consists of 4 printed pages

JC2H2PE2013P1 2 SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section Questions 1,2 and 3 carry 12 marks each and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 1 Figures 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D show information related to volcanic activity in northern Philippines and the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991. 1 (a) Describe and explain the pattern of volcanic activity in Fig. 1A. [2] 1 (b) With reference to information in Fig. 1B, (i) estimate the thickness of ashfall at Clark Air Base; (ii) suggest the likely direction of the ash plume during the eruption and cite evidence for your choice. [3] 1 (c) Using information in Figures 1B, 1C and 1D, evaluate the effectiveness of the following measures in managing the hazardous impacts of the volcanic eruption: (i) monitoring the volcanic and seismic activity of Mt Pinatubo and (ii) the hazard map compiled in May 1991. [7] Atmospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 2 Study Figure 2A which shows the locations of three stations in West Africa and Fig ure 2B which show s the average month ly rainfall and days with precipitation for each station. 2 (a) With reference to the given information, describe the variation in rainfall in West Africa. [4] 2 (b) Explain the variation in rainfall you have described in part (a). [8] Hydrological Processes, Hazards and Management 3 Study Photographs A and B which show two types of channel patterns. 3 (a) State two differences between the channel patterns evident in

JC2H2PE2013P1 3 Photographs A and B. [2] 3 (b) Briefly explain the formation of the channel pattern in Photograph A. [5] 3 (c) Briefly describe and explain how the channel in Photograph B may change in the course of a year. [5] Lithospheric and Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 4 Photograph C shows a valley in Northumberland, United Kingdom. 4 (a) Draw a field sketch of Photograph C, clearly annotating the evidence for slope processes and river processes visible in the photograph. [4] 4 (b) Explain how the processes acting on the slope influence the processes occurring in the river channel. [5] 4 (c) Describe how the rate of movement of soil on a slope could be examined. [5] SECTION B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 5 EITHER 5 (a) Distinguish between different types of volcanic eruptions and related volcanic landforms. [9] 5 (b) With reference to examples, to what extent do you agree with the view that the severity of hazardous impacts of earthquakes depend primarily on human factors? [16] OR 5(a) Describe how the weathering of granite produces weathering profiles, tafoni and boulder fields. [9] 5(b) To what extent has running water influenced the origin and development of inselbergs and tors in areas you have studied? [16]

JC2H2PE2013P1 4 Atmospheric Processes, Hazards And Management 6 EITHER 6 (a) Figure 3 shows relationships between upper air flow and surface conditions. Describe the characteristics of jet streams, how they change over time and their relation to surface conditions as shown in Fig. 3. [9] 6 (b) Discuss the view that urban areas create their own climate. [16] OR 6 (a) Explain the causes of drought in the tropics and compare its effects in developed and less developed countries. [9] 6 (b) To what extent do you agree that reducing greenhouse gas emissions is the most effective response to global warming? [16] Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 7 EITHER 7 (a) With reference to examples, describe how alter ation to catchment characteristics could lead to conflict of interests within and between states. [9] 7 (b) To what extent are variations in river discharge over time influenced by climate? [16] OR 7 (a) With the aid of diagrams, describe the main surface and sub-surface flows in a drainage basin and explain the relative importance of these flows in contributing to channel flow in the course of a storm. [9] 7 (b) Assess the extent to which land use planning and zoning is the best way to manage river floods. [16] END OF PAPER

JC2H2PE2013P1 This document consists of 3 printed pages READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST This insert contains Figures 1D, 2A and 2B referred to in the questions as well as the World Outline Maps TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2013 GEOGRAPHY 9730/01 Higher 2 September 2013 Paper 1 Physical Geography 3 hours INSERT

JC2H2PE2013P1 FIGURE 1A FOR QUESTION 1 The location of Mount Pinatubo within the Luzon volcanic zone FIGURE 1B FOR QUESTION 1 The distribution of volcanic impacts Crater

JC2H2PE2013P1 FIGURE 1C FOR QUESTION 1 Pinatubo hazard map, compiled in May 1991 Crater

JC2H2PE2013P1 FIGURE 1D FOR QUESTION 1 The timing of events and responses during the Mount Pinatubo eruption, 1991 Note: PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology USGS: U.S. Geological Survey

JC2H2PE2013P1 FIGURE 2A FOR QUESTION 2 FIGURE 2B FOR QUESTION 2

JC2H2PE2013P1 PHOTOGRAPH A FOR QUESTION 3