H2 Geography Prelims 2012

SAJC/H2 GEOG/9730/02/QUESTION/12 ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2012 GEOGRAPHY 9730/02 Higher 2 Tuesday 18 September 2012 3 hours Additional Materials: Insert Writing Paper World Outline Map READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class, and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions in this section, each from a different topic. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The Insert contains all the Figures referred to in the question paper. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This paper consists of 5 printed pages. [Turn Over]

SAJC/H2 GEOG/9730/02/QUESTION/12 2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Questions 1, 2, and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activities 1 Figure 1 shows star diagrams which illustrate the occupations of people living in the same village in 1930 and in 2000. The village is in an accessible area in Southern England. a) Describe the changes in employment that have taken place since 1930. [4] b) Suggest reasons for the changes in employment. [8] Population Issues and Challenges 2 Figure 2 shows the changes in the total populations and age structures of selected global regions. a) Calculate the dependency ratio for North America in 2050 and show your working in detail. [2] b) Sketch a possible pyramid of Europe for the year 2050 and briefly describe it. [4] c) Using Caldwell‟s Wealth Theory, account for the changes in the young population in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1950 – 2050. [6] Urban Issues and Challenges 3 Figure 3 A shows the number of new homes built on greenfield and brownfield land in England between 1991 and 2001. Figure 3B shows possible locations for new housing in greenfield and brownfield areas. a) Using evidence from Figure 3A , describe how the us e of greenfield and brownfield land for construction of new homes changed between 1991 and 2001. [3] b) Suggest reasons for the trends describe in part 3a) [4] c) You are a planning officer with the power to make decisions about land use within the city illustrated in Figure 3B . Two alternative proposals have been submitted for the derelict land. One proposal is a high-class housing development and the other is for a flagship retail project. State for which proposal you would decide to grant planning permission and outline briefly the reasons for your decision. [5]

SAJC/H2 GEOG/9730/02/QUESTION/12 3 Population Issues and Challenges and The Globalisation of Economic Activities 4 Figure 4 illustrates a cartoon at the time of the Johannesburg World Summit in 2002. a) What would be a possible headline for this cartoon? [1] b) Give evidence from Figure 4 to justify your headline in part 4a). [2] c) Using specific examples, explain how some policies adopted by international regulators are responsible for the scenario depicted in Figure 4. [6] d) What other reasons account for the scenario illustrated in the cartoon? [5]

SAJC/H2 GEOG/9730/02/QUESTION/12 4 Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. The Globalization of Economic Activity 5 Either a) Outline the causes of the emergence of the New I nternational Division of Labour (NIDL). [9] b) How far do you agree that development is best measured by the populace‟s Gross National Product (GNP)? [16] 5 Or a) Analyse how new technology has changed the production and labour process. [9] b) „In recent years, companies have been outsourcing their production and services.‟ Why has this polic y been adopted and with what consequences for the companies? [16] Population Issues and Challenges 6 Either a) Discuss the detrimental effects of an ageing society on the service provision and the sustainability of communities in Developed Countries. [9] b) According to one United Nations projection, total world population will pass 8 billion in 2028. To what extent do you agree that such a prediction is of little value to governments? [16] 6 Or a) Explain how distance may operate as a constraint on transnational migration. [9] b) With the use of examples, consider the issues of government planning in the management of population growth in Developed Countries. [16]

SAJC/H2 GEOG/9730/02/QUESTION/12 5 Urban Issues and Challenges 7 Either a) Using examples, compare the terms „megacities‟, „primate cities‟ and „world/global cities‟. [9] b) “Squatter settlements are a positive form of settlement.” Discuss this proposition in reference to housing strategies in Less Developed Countries (LDCs). [16] 7 Or a) Discuss the causes of homelessness in cities of developed countries. [9] b) “Historical factors are the main determinant of contemporary u rban structure.” With reference to urban areas you have studied, assess the extent to which this is true. [16]