SRJC JC2H1Prelim

SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2008 GEOGRAPHY H i g h e r 1 8812/01 Paper 1 Monday 18 Aug 2008 3 hours Additional materials: Answer paper INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, civics group on every answer sheet. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighter, glue or correction fluid. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer one question in this section Section C Answer one question in this section. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Insert 1 contains all the Figures referred to in the question paper. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 5 printed pages. [Turn over

2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 1 Figure 1 shows a granite landform in a tropical region. (a) Draw a well-annotated sketch to show the features and processes occurring on the landform. [4] (b) Explain the processes that have led to the formation of the feature shown. [8] The Globalisation of Economic Activity 2 Fig. 2 shows world variations in GNP (Gross National product) per person. (a) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using GNP per person to express inequality. [2] (b) To what extent may a North-South pattern be seen in Fig. 2? [4] (c) How useful is the North-South pattern in the study of global patterns of inequality? [6] 3 Answer either the question on Hydrologic Processes or the question on Urban Challenges. Do not answer both. EITHER Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management Figure 3 shows the development of a meandering channel. (a) (i) Draw a labelled cross section of the channel along the line A – A, showing a riffle . [1] (ii) Draw a labelled cross section of the channel along the line B – B, showing a pool. [1] (b) Explain how river discharge may be measured. [4] (c) Explain how the river shown in Fig. 3 develops from a straight to a meandering channel. [6] [Turn over

3 OR Urban Issues and Challenges Study Fig. 4 which two processes occurring within a large urban area in a developed country (DC). (a) Name the process shown by the dotted arrow on Fig. 4. [1] (b) Explain why the filtering (lower income groups moving into better housing) shown in Fig. 4 may occur. [4] (c) Under what circumstances may newly-built housing be located within the existing urban are rather than on its outer edge? Support your answer from a city or cities you have studied. [7] 4 Answer either the question on Lithospheric and Hydrologic Processes or the question on Globalisation and Urban Challenges. Do NOT answer both. EITHER Lithospheric and Hydrologic Processes Fig. 5 shows two types of mass movement. (a) Identify and briefly describe the two types of mass movements shown in Fig. 5. [4] (b) Explain the differences between the two types of mass movement. [4] (c) Explain the role of water in influencing the occurrence and intensity of mass movement. [6] OR The Globalisation of Economic Activity / Urban Issues and Challenges (a) Study Fig. 6 which shows the bid-rent lines for selected land uses in an urban area of a less developed country (LDC). (i) Explain the concept of bid-rent and state two reasons why the highest land values are found in the city centre. [3] (ii) Using your knowledge of urban area in LDCs and information from Fig. 6 comment on the usefulness of bid-rent theory in explaining the pattern of land use in these areas. [6] (b) Comment briefly on how the introduction of new technology has influenced industrial location in urban areas. [5]

4 [Turn over Section B (Physical Geography) Answer one question in this section. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 5 EITHER Fig. 7 shows the locations of recent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. (a) Describe and account for the distribution of earthquake activities as shown in Fig. 7. [9] (b) To what extent is a knowledge of Plate Tectonics Theory important in the understanding of the formation of large-scale tectonic landforms? [ 16] OR (a) Explain the conditions under which block disintegration, spheroidal weathering and and exfoliation may occur. [9] (b) To what extent is the distribution of w eathering types across the world’s regions determined by climate? [16] Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 6 EITHER (a) Explain the terms headward erosion, lateral erosion and vertical erosion and the conditions under which they occur. [9] (b) To what extent are human actions the principal factors influencing the hydrological processes in a drainage basin? [16] Or (a) Explain how the changes in inputs of sediment and water can influence channel morphology. [9] (b) With reference to examples from LDCs and DCs, assess the strategies to manage the hazards posed by river floods. [16]

5 [Turn over Section C (Human Geography) Answer one question in this section. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 7 EITHER (a) Why is relatively little social develop ment experienced in some countries? Support your answer with examples. [9] (b) Using examples, assess how the globaliz ation of economic activity has affected the economies of newly industrializing economies (NIEs). [16] OR (a) Explain the term international spatial division of labour with detailed reference to the organisation and operation of one transnational corporation (TNC) you have studied. [9] (b) Using examples, assess the role of export processing zones (EPZs) in the economies of less developed countries. [16] Urban Issues and Challenges 8 EITHER (a) Describe the changing nature of the Central Business District (CBD) in one or more urban areas you have studied. [9] (b) Assess the extent to which the changes described in (a) are the consequences of increasing difficulties experienced within the CBD. [16] OR (a) Explain why many countries are dominated by one or two large cities. [9] (b) With the help of located examples, assess the success of various strategies to manage transport problems in urban areas. [16]

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