PJC H1 Geo JC2 H1 PRELIM P1 2008

Candidate Name: ________________________ CT Group / Index no: _____________________ PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY 8812/01 Paper 1 Monday, 08 September 2008 3 hours Additional Materials: Writing Paper INSERT READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Section A Answer ALL questions. Section B Answer ONE question. Section C Answer ONE question. You are advised not to spend more than 90 minutes on Section A. All the Figures referred to in the questions are contained in the question paper. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or classroom, ever where such examples are not specifically requested by the question. Sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Questions Attempted Section A Marks 1 / 12 2 / 12 3 / 12 4 / 14 Section B / 25 Section C / 25 Total / 100 Grade This document consists of 5 printed pages.

2 2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Question 1, 2, 3 carries 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 1 Figure 1A shows the distribution of plate boundaries and Figure 1B shows the distribution of earthquake and volcanic hazards. (a) Using Figures 1A and 1B, describe the pattern and distribution of earthquake and volcanic hazards. [4] (b) Explain the distribution of earthquake and volcanic hazards and justify which areas you think are most at risk. [8] Globalisation of Economic Activity 2 Figure 2 shows the number of countries in different world regions where the average income per person was lower or higher in the period 1990 – 95 than it had before. (a) Describe the main features of the global pattern shown in Figure 2. [6] (b) Explain the main limitations of using income per person as a measure of inequality, and suggest other indicators that may be useful. [6] Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 3 EITHER Photograph A shows the course of a river channel developed in an area of sand and gravel. (a) Draw a sketch diagram to represent a plan view of the channel, identifying channel features. [4] (b) Give an explanation of the patterns of discharge and the fluvial processes that have produced the channel shown in Photograph A. [8] Urban Geography OR Figure 3 shows the distribution of squatter settlements in Lima in 2004. Lima is the capital of Peru, an LDC in Latin America. In 2004, the city’s population was 7.8 million. (a) What is the difference between a ‘squatter’ and a ‘slum’? [2] (b) Compare the location and extent of squatter settlements in the districts named Metropolitan Lima and Cono Sur. [4]

3 3 (c) Outline how you would conduct fieldwork to find out about the characteristics of, and the living conditions of the inhabitants of the squatter settlements. [6] Lithospheric and Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 4 EITHER Figure 4 shows some forms of mass movement. (a) Describe the differences between slide (slump), flow and creep as shown in Figure 4. [4] (b) Explain the causes and the physical effects of slide and creep of the mass movements shown in Figure 4. [6] (c) Suggest how water is an important influence on these processes of mass movement shown in Figure 4. [4] Globalisation of Economic Activity and Urban Geography OR Figure 5 is a map showing rates of urban expansion in China, 1989 – 2000. Urban expansion is the spread of towns and cities into the surrounding rural-urban fringe and countryside. (a) Name the two regions which experienced the lowest rate of urban expansion. [2] (b) Describe the distribution of the areas which experienced rates of urban expansion of 11 – 20% and >20%. [6] (c) In the 1980s, the Chinese Government made many cities Special Economic Zones, which stimulated their growth. Explain the influence of centripetal forces on migration in Less Developed Countries (LDCs). [6]

4 4 Section B Physical Geography Answer ONE question in this section. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards And Management 5 EITHER (a) Study Figure 6 which shows latitudinal variations in the depth of weathering in relation to climatic variations. Account for the relationship shown between the depth of regolith and the climate. [9] (b) With reference to examples on one specific type of tectonic or geomorphological hazard, evaluate the attempts made to predict and limit its effects on the environment. [16] OR (a) Outline the evidence that exists for the theory of plate tectonics. [9] (b) Outline the main weathering processes that occur in the humid tropics. Using examples, describe how these processes contribute to the formation of landforms. [16] Hydrospheric Processes, Hazards And Management 6 EITHER (a) Discuss how human activities can have a significant direct and indirect effect in a drainage basin. [9] (b) Using examples, explain how conflicts of interest can occur in the management of river basins. [16] OR (a) With the aid of an annotated diagram, explain how water moves through the hydrological system. [9] (b) Describe the causes of flooding and low channel flow within river basins. To what extent can flooding be predicted and its effects reduced? [16]

5 5 Section C Human Geography Answer ONE question in this section. Globalisation of Economic Activity 7 EITHER (a) Describe and briefly explain the connections between industrial growth in some Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and deindustrialisation in Developed Countries (DCs). [10] (b) To what extent is the North-South Divide, shown in Figure 7, useful in understanding today’s global economy? Support your answers with examples. [15] OR (a) With reference to one or more examples, describe the character of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and outline why governments may develop them [9] (b) Evaluate the role of supranational bodies in the global economy. [16] Urban Geography 8 EITHER (a) With the aid of a clearly annotated diagram, (i) explain the term, bid-rent, in relation to urban land-use, (ii) and show the expected location of manufacturing industry within an urban area. [9] (b) How relevant is the bid-rent theory, in understanding or explaining manufacturing locations, both within urban areas, and in the global economy today? [16] OR (a) Outline the problems that can result from the process of urbanisation in either Developed Countries (DCs) or Less Developed Countries (LDCs). [9] (b) Discuss the nature and extent of social problems found in cities in both Developed Countries (DCs) and Less Developed Countries (LDCs). [16]