MI H2 GEO 9751 P2 Answer

2017 Promotional Examination II Pre-University 2 GEOGRAPHY (HIGHER 2) 9751/02 Paper 2 Data Response Questions 12 September 2017 3 Hours Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper 1 Insert INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Suggested Responses ___________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 5 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. [Turn over Name: ______________________ Admission No: Class:

2 Section A Theme 4: Geographical Investigation 1 A group of Geography students are interested to investigate the effectiveness of recent state-led efforts to improve urban liveability in Singapore. They selected the neighbourhoods of Kallang and Punggol for their investigation. Kallang is an inner city neighbourhood while Punggol is a planned new town. The group of students were allocated three days for field investigation. They have access to secondary data detailing the range of implemented stage-led efforts to improve liveability in Kallang and Punggol extracted from the URA Master Plan (2013). Resource 1 details the recent state-led efforts to improve urban liveability in Kallang. Resource 2 details the recent state-led efforts to improve urban liveability in Punggol. Resource 3 shows the survey questionnaire results that the students have collected from the neighbourhood of Kallang. (a) Suggest a suitable research question for the students’ investigation with reference to Resources 1 and 2, and state three reasons why the research question is at a suitable scale. [4] (b) Explain possible risks that the students might have to confront when conducting the research investigation and suggest ways to mitigate them. [4] (c) Recommend and explain other data collection methods to supplement the findings as shown in Resource 3. [5] (d) Select a suitable data representation method and sketch resident’s perception of the environmental impacts of recent state-led efforts to improve urban liveability using information as shown in Resource 3. [3] (e) Evaluate the usefulness of the investigation in understanding the impacts of recent state-led efforts to improve urban liveability in Singapore. [9]

3 Section B Theme 1: Tropical Environments Tropical Cyclone Enawo in Madagascar 2 Resource 4 shows the spatial and temporal distribution of tropical cyclones in the world. Resource 5 shows information on Tropical Cyclone Enawo that hit Madagascar in March 2017. Resource 6 shows the flooding situation in Antananarivo, Madagascar on 10 March 2017 as a result of Tropical Cyclone Enowa. Note: A tropical depression has wind speed of below 63 kilometres per hour, a tropical storm has wind speed of 63 to 118 kilometres per hour while a tropical cyclone has wind speed above 118 kilometres per hour. (a) Describe the spatial and temporal distribution of tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2006 as shown in Resource 4. [4] Award 1 mark for each description on the spat ial/temporal distribution. Reserve 1 mark for spatial distribution and 1 mark for temporal distribution. Possible responses Spatial distribution:  Generally located within 5 to 40° N and 5 to 30° S of the equator  Anomaly: absent in southern Atlantic ocean within the tropics  Highest frequency found in east pacific and east Asia with 3 and more cyclone per year  Lowest frequency found in south Asia and southwest pacific, of less than 1 per year Temporal distribution:  In the N Hemisphere, cyclones are usually formed at the second half of the year, from around June to Dec, e.g. East Pacific is June – Oct while East Asia is May – Dec  In the S Hemisphere, cyclones are formed at the first half of the year. For e.g. Southwest Pacific and West Australia from Jan – March Data from Resource 4 should be used when appropriate to support responses Point marked Marker’s Report:  Many students failed to provide specific description o E.g. ‘30°N/S from the equator’ but cyclones do not exist between 0° to 5°N/S of the equator! (see resource!!)  For ‘describe’ questions, students should not be listing everything as seen in the resource. Instead, students should be descri bing the spatial/temporal distribution such that a reader without looking at the resource is able to visualise the distribution  Some students managed to mention the general temporal distribution of cyclone

4 but failed to provide data from the resource to support the observation  Cyclone tracks do not serve as spatial distribution of cyclones (b) With reference to Resources 4 and 5, explain the development of Tropical Cyclone Enawo at Madagascar in March 2017. [6] Indicative Content Conditions:  Due to the position of the overhead sun in the southern hemisphere in the early part of the year (December – March), the Indian Ocean is warmed up  The warm ocean of at least 28°C to a de pth of 60m and atmospheric humidity of up to 6km provides the necessary condition to initiate the formation of a cyclone where the warm sea heats the air above it  Tropical cyclone started its format ion in the warm ocean on 7 March Track:  Once formed, the cyclone is steered pr imarily westwards by the trade winds from 7 to 8 March  Due to coriolis effect, the cyclone starts to move polewards once it fully develops (8 – 9 March)  It then starts to move eastwards as they move into areas dominated by westerlies  The cyclone takes on an anti clockwise direction (moving westwards, polewards and eastwards) Intensity:  Cyclone started off as a lower intensity tropical storm. As it crosses the ocean and picks up more moisture from the sea, the storm continues to grow in intensity. As the cycle continues, the surface pressure at the centre drops lower and lower causing the circulation of air to strengthen and the winds to grow increasingly stronger, thus creates a self-sustaining heat energy  However, after it makes its landfall on t he eastern coast of Madagascar, it starts to lose its source of energy which is the ocean, and starts to fall in its intensity (tropical cyclone at Sava vs tropical depression at Analamanga) Levels marked Level Marks Descriptors 3 5 – 6 Response demonstrates accurate knowledge of development of tropical cyclone, including at least 2 explanation relating to the conditions for its formation, the track of the tropical cyclone or its intensity. Good and accurate use of resources to explain for the development of Tropical Cyclone Enawo at Madagascar in March 2017. Response is clear, detailed and shows focus on the question. 2 3 – 4 Response demonstrates knowl edge on the development of tropical cyclone, including at least 1 explanation relating to the conditions for its formation, the track of the tropical cyclone or its intensity. Some reference is made to the resource to explain for the development of Tropical Cyclone Enawo at Madagascar in March 2017. Explanation however may l