PJC H2 GEO P2 Marking Guide

H2 Prelims 2017 Paper 2 Marking Guide Section A Theme 4: Geographical Investigation 1 A group of 24 eighteen-year-old students from Singapore wanted to examine the needs of the elderly in different neighbourhoods in Singapore. They had access to census and survey information on geographical spread of elderly residents aged 65 and above, elderly living arrangements in Singapore, their sources of social activity and whether elderly friendly fixtures were available in their homes. The students wanted to obtain more information on specific neighbourhoods by assessing the needs of the elderly in Ang Mo Kio and Sengkang in terms of physical infrastructure in these neighbourhoods as well as social needs. They were allocated three days for field investigation. The three days were spread across the beginning, in the middle and at the end of November 2016. Resource 1 shows the proportion of elderly population by planning area in 2016. Resource 2 shows proportion of households having elderly friendly fixtures in 2011. Resource 3 shows sources of social activity amongst the elderly in 2014. Res ource 4 shows living arrangement of elderly by age in 2011. (a) Suggest a suitable research question for the students’ investigation. [1] Award 1 mark for a suitable research question. Possible research questions include:  Does Sengkang have higher % of dwelling s with elderly friendly fixtures?  Do the elderly in Ang Mo Kio have more sources of social activity compared to elderly in Sengkang? (b) With reference to Resource 1, outline why Ang Mo Kio and Sengkang are appropriate locations for the students’ research. [4] Award 2 marks for each reason to a maximum of 4 marks. Possible responses include:  Ang Mo Kio has the second highest pr oportion of elderly aged over 65 with 15-20% whilst Sengkang has a low proportion of elderly 5-10%  able to provide a good contrast  Locations are of close proximity (they are next to each other as seen in Resource 1)  ease of access to conduct research Point marked. (c) Suggest a plan for the students to investigate needs of the elderly in Ang Mo Kio and Sengkang. [7] Indicative Content:  establish the data needed to examine t he research question e.g. quantitative data through surveys conducted with elderly or qualitative data through interviews/ focus group discussions with the elderly  identify appropriate methods for collecting primary and secondary data e.g. using convenience sampling in Ang Mo Kio and Sengkang neighbourhoods to interview/survey elderly or systematic sampling in identified blocks (e.g. every 5th floor) to interview elderly  consider research ethics e.g. list the key points that would be shared with the interviewees about their research purpose, minimize noise disturbance  Limitations e.g. reasonable number of hours conducting one-to-one interviews

2    with elderly for 24 students over three days  Minimise potential risks in undertaking investigation e.g. stop fieldwork before sunset, use appropriate language during interviews, work in pairs Levels marked: Level Marks Descriptors 3 6-7 Response demonstrates accurate knowledge of geographical investigation methods. Outlines a relevant and coherent plan with reference to data collection, methods, investigation limitations and risk mitigation strategies. Response is relevant to context of question throughout 2 3-5 Response demonstrates some knowledge of geographical investigation methods. Outlines a clear plan with some reference to data collection, methods, investigation limitations and risk mitigation strategies. Response is mostly relevant to context of question but may lack clarity and coherence. 1 1-2 Response demonstrates limited or no knowledge of geographical investigation methods. Outline of plan is limited and may not refer to one or more of the facets of an investigation in their outline plan. Much of the response may not be relevant to context of question. 0 0 No creditworthy response (d) With reference to Resource 4, sketch a bar chart to represent living arrangements of the elderly in Singapore. [4] For bar graph, 1 mark awarded for each of the following:  Title  Accuracy of proportion of sectors/height of bars.  Clear and relevant labels.  Axis (e) Evaluate the usefulness of Resources 2, 3 and 4 in understanding the needs of the elderly in Singapore. [9]  Intro: Opinion/Stand?  Resource 2 shows that only a quarter of elderly residents have elderly friendly features in their living environment  shows that there is a lack of infrastructure within the living envir onment to cater to physical needs of the elderly in Singapore. Moreover, there are variations between the types of households the elderly stay in. 1-2 room households fare the best with 48.5% having elderly friendly features while 4 room households are the worst with only 20.8%. But resource is outdated (2011) and does not show spatial variations amongst different neighbourhoods.  Resource 3 shows that most important source of social activity for elderly is through family/friends with more 88.9% and 62.4% meeting them at least once a month. However, the frequency is not shown in detail by the source as social needs of the elderly may not be fulfilled by once a month meetups. Therefore frequency of such get-togethers will be more useful in reflecting social needs of the elderly.  Resource 4 reflects variations in ag e of the elderly and living environments  those aged 75 and above are likely to hav e more healthcare needs as well as need for social support as they are likely to have more health concerns at

3    an older age. Living arrangements: Elder ly living alone will need the greatest support in terms of social needs compared to those living with relatives/nursing homes. The largest % of elderly for 65-74 age group have greater social support as they live with spouse & children/grandchildren. In comparison, the largest % of 75 and above have alternative living arrangements which may highlight very different social and financial needs.  Though all sources combined reflect so me aspects of physical, social needs of the elderly, they may be limited as they reflect Singapore’s statistics in general and not location specific. Moreover, they are from 2011 and 2014 which may be outdated.  Sum up. Reiterate stand

4    Section B Theme 1: Tropical Environments Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan 2 Resource 5 shows the path of Tropical Cyclone Morakot which crossed the South China Sea in August 2009. Resource 6 shows the effects of Typhoon Morakot on rainfall and discharge at various rainfall stations across Taiwan. Resource 7 shows a photograph of a mass movement that occurred in Southern Taiwan during Tropical Cyclone Morakot. (a) Describe the development and passage of Typhoon Morakot as seen in Resource 5.  Typhoon Morakot was formed in the Pacific Ocean and it developed and travelled towards Taiwan and China in the western direction  Typhoon Morakot started in 3 August as a tropical depression in the Pacific Ocean  The typhoon increased in size to tr opical storm on 4 August and upgaded to Typhoon 1 on 6 August and Typhoon 2 on 7 August.  It downgraded to tropical storm as it passed East China Sea and made landfall at Fujian, China on 9 August.  It downgraded further from tropical stor m to tropical depression as it advanced to Zhejiang on 10 August. Point marking. Answer to include the 1) start and 2) passage/route, general direction, 3) development in terms of size. [5] (b) With reference to Resource 5 and your own knowledge, suggest how tropical storms are generated. Answer to include both surface and atmospheric conditions (to elaborate on 2-3 conditions with relation to resource) Atmospheric conditions favouring the development of tropical cyclone (a) A