RVHS Prelim H2 GEO P2 QP

GEOGRAPHY 9751/02 Paper 2 Data Response Questions 18 September 2018 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper 1 Insert World outline map Cover Page READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, admission number and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Candidates answer all questions. The Insert contains all the Resources referred to in the questions. You should make reference to appropriate exam ples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the question. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work below the cover page securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. ___________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Preliminary Examination 2018 Higher 2

2 Section A Theme 4 – Geographical Investigation Answer one question from this section. 1 A group of 6 students observed that a section of the Bukit Batok Canal in the western part of Singapore was refurbished with rain gardens as part of the Public Utilities Board’s (PUB) ‘Active, Beautiful and Clean’ (ABC) Waters Programme. Rain gardens help to manage surface runoff in urban areas in a more sustainable manner, by controlling the quantity and quality of surface runoff to prevent pluvial flooding, through natural filtration and encouraging subsurface conveyance of water into catchments. The students wanted to study the effectiveness of the rain garden project in Bukit Batok by measuring infiltration rates of surfaces adjacent to the canal. Breaking into 2 teams, each team of 3 students concurrently took readings from 10 randomly sampled sites along the segment that underwent refurbishment (as seen in Photograph ‘A’), and 10 randomly sampled sites along the segment that remained unchanged (as seen in Photograph ‘B’). The infiltration readings were taken on two separate occasions over a period of 2 days owing to inclement weather interrupting the fieldwork after readings from 5 sites were sampled. Equipment used for each team: • Double-ring Infiltrometer • Stopwatch • Bottles of water • Printed recording sheets and writing materials • Large scale map of the study area The infiltration readings were plotted into infiltration rate graphs. Resource 1 shows the study area with the location of the sample sites as well as photographs of the two contrasting segments of the Bukit Batok Canal. Photograph ‘A’ shows a section that was refurbished with rain gardens and recreational infrastructure. Photograph ‘B’ shows a stretch of the canal that was not included in the refurbishment. Resource 2 shows the recording sheet and equipment that was used for the fieldwork. Resource 3 shows two infiltration rate graphs constructed from 2 site readings, one for ‘A’ sample sites and one for ‘B’ sample sites. (a) Suggest a suitable research question for this investigation about infiltration rates. [1] (b) With reference to Resources 1 and 2, explain two potential risks associated with carrying out this geographical investigation and how the group might minimise each risk. [4] (c) Referring to Resource 2, explain how the students used the equipment to measure the infiltration rate at a data site. [5] (d) The students reflected that the findings might have been compromised by intervening factors. With reference to Resources 1, 2 and 3, discuss how the process of data collection could be improved. [7] (e) Discuss the value of this geographical investigation and its potential contribution to the management of urban runoff in Bukit Batok. [8]

3 Section B Theme 1: Tropical Environments Tropical Climates 2 Resource 4 shows the global distribution of atmospheric pressure in December and June. Resource 5 shows the global radiation balance in December and June. Resource 6 shows the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), wh ich shows warm/El Niño (red) and cold/La Niña (blue) phases of abnormal sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean from 1950 to 2018. Resource 7 shows selected significant climate anomalies and events in June 2017. (a) Compare the global pattern of atmospheric pressure in December with that in June as shown in Resource 4. [3] (b) With reference to Resource 5, explain the seasonal change in the earth’s radiation balance. [4] (c) Referring to Resources 4 and 5, discuss the extent to which atmospheric pressure may be attributed to solar heating. [7] (d) Comment on the periodicity of El Niño events from 1950 to 2018 according to the Oceanic Niño Index in Resource 6. [3] (e) With reference to Resources 6 and 7, discuss the validity of the notion that El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related events aggravate the impacts of climate change as much as they are affected by it. [8] Theme 2: Development, Economy and Environment FDI, TNCs and GPNs 3 Resource 8 shows the foreign direct investment (FDI) into China, a medium income country in Asia, in 1992 and 2006. Resource 9 shows a plan of the Gateway City Industrial Estate in Thailand, also a medium income country in Asia, in 2008. Resource 10 shows the global production network (GPN) which supports the construction of BMW’s Mini car. BMW is a German based automobile manufacturing company and is headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. (a) Describe the changes in FDI shown in Resource 8. [3] (b) Suggest reasons for the changes you have described in (a). [5] (c) Using evidence from Resource 9, describe the characteristics of the industrial estate which make it an attractive location for foreign transnational corporations (TNCs). [4] (d) Describe and suggest reasons for BMW’s GPN as illustrated in Resource 10. [4] (e) Using Resources 8, 9 and 10, as well as your own knowledge, recommend whether BMW should consider changing its current GPN in favour of Asian countries like China and Thailand. Justify your answer. [9]

4 Theme 3: Sustainable Development Urban Reimaging in the UK 4 Despite the UK being a relatively small country there is considerable variation in economic activity between places. Readi ng (southern England) and Middlesbrough (northeast England) are similarly sized urban areas in the UK as shown in Resource 11. Resource 12 shows job type in Reading and Middlesbrough. Resource 13 breaks down people in the two urban areas by economic activity. Resource 14 illustrates the demographic characteristics of Reading and Middlesbrough. Resource 15 shows images of both urban areas. Since 2010, the UK government has attempted to measure ‘national wellbeing’ by conducting a survey asking people about how they feel about their lives. Results from 2015 for Reading and Middlesbrough are shown in Resource 16. Resource 17 shows some examples of the use of logos and slogans in the rebranding of rural and urban places. (a) With reference to Resources 12 and 13, which urban area is considered more economically successful? Explain your answer. [4] (b) Using Resources 14, 15 and 16, which urban area might be more in need of urban reimaging? Explain your answer. [5] (c) With reference to Resource 17,