DHS Prelim_H2_GEO_P1___2_Answer_Scheme

Name: Index Number: Class: Answer Scheme for Papers 1 and 2 _________________________________________________________________________ DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS Year 6

2 9751/2018/02/Prelim Examinations Paper 1 Theme 1: Tropical Environments 1a Explain the differences in channel processes in the tropics. Indicative content The main factors to explain the differences would be discharge and sediment characteristics. There will be greater and continuous erosion and transport of load especially the suspended load due to the higher and regular discharge in the humid tropics albeit there will be seasonal differences in the seasonally humid climates. However, deposition will be more dominant in the arid tropics as the rivers are generally dry most of the time. 1b ‘River channels in the tropics have very different characteristics.’ Discuss the validity of this statement. Indicative content The main argument is that the river channels in the humid and arid tropics are very different, but the counter-argument is that there are important similarities too e.g channels in both the seasonally humid and dry climates exhibit nested channels due to variations in levels of discharge. The presence of nested channels in the dry climates is a good synoptic link to the wetter past experienced by these climates. 2a Explain why tropical deforestation is a major environmental concern? Indicative content: There are 2 key aspects in this response: the context and why the impacts are a ‘major’ environmental concern. To understand ‘major’, the impacts should be examined from a scale perspective. Global impacts would be atmospheric and biological: global warming and loss of biodiversity. The release of stored carbon has large-scale impact as these heat-trapping gases have a long lifespan leading to global warming concerns. It is especially a worrying trend in the tropics as the scale of deforestation is very large and growing rapidly especially in the Amazon Basin. At the regional scale, the lithological and hydrological impacts can be discussed. 2b ‘ The biggest challenge to effective management of tropical deforestation is political will’. Discuss. Indicative content: A variety of legislative and regulatory measures have been established to protect forests. These include REDD+ (international partners), reforestation, protected areas, pledges. Much of the forest is owned by the state and so the state is able to have the legitimacy to implement strategies on a suitable scale to address the problems, but the state needs to have the political will to be committed to sustainable forest management practices.

3 9751/2018/02/Prelim Examinations 3(a) With reference to one or more TNCs, explain how these firm’s production circuit operates at the global level.