TJC Prelim H2 GEO P1 SAP

JC2H2PE2018 PAPER 1 TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT 1 SECTION A – Tropical Environments 1 (a) Explain how changes in the pathways and water stores in a drainage basin affect discharge in a river channel. Indicative Content Focus on the question should be on the pathways and water stores in a drainage basin, which include: • Pathways: overland flow, infiltra tion, percolation, throughflow and baseflow • Water stores: interception and biol ogical water storage, soil water storage, groundwater storage, channel storage [River] discharge could be interpret ed as an output. As such, students should be thinking about how the pathways and water stores would have an effect on river discharge. A higher level response will focus on how the pat hways and water stores changes and its resultant effect on di scharge in a river channel. Students could see the link of discharge to hydrographs and draw connections in their answer to it. Levels marked using H2 generic level descriptors for 12m [12] 1 (b) To what extent is an understanding of channel morphology important in explaining the processes that occur in river channels? Having established the pathways and wa ter stores in the drainage basin and its effect on river discharge in (a), candidates would now discuss the relationship between channel morphology and the processes that occur in the channel. Indicative Content: Candidates would be required to have an understanding of what constitutes channel morphology. Furt hermore, candidates will need to identify the processes that occur in ri ver channels, which includes erosion, transportation and deposition. Candidates will then need to make the link as to how the fluvial processes shape channel morphology. However, there are other elements that also are impoetant in explaining the processes that occur in the river channel. A higher level response will would see that there is no standard channel morphology and this is result of va rious combinations of the fluvial processes and the factors that shape them. Exampl es could be used to illustrate the interplay of these factors, processes and forms. Possible links to other topics include effects of tropical deforestation (Topic [20]

JC2H2PE2018 PAPER 1 TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT 2 1.2), the actions of extractive indus tries (Topic 2.2) and the effects of climate change (Topic 3.1). Levels marked using H2 generic level descriptors for 20m 2 (a) With the aid of the rock cycle, explai n the formation and characteristics of a named igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock respectively. Indicative Content: The rock types that need to be cons idered in relation to the rock cycle would include ignrous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. A higher level response will focus on one named rock type as stipulated by the question. In understanding these ro ck type in detail, candidates will be able to provide a range of characteristics about it. Furthermore, better responses will recognise that these rock types are all linked as seen through the rock cycle. Levels marked using H2 generic level descriptors for 12m [12] 2 (b) Discuss the view that karst landforms in the humid tropics are the result of present day processes. Having established the characteristics of rocks and how they are linked to one another in (a), attention is now turned to the landforms that arise from the different rock types and the pr ocesses involved in shaping their formation. Indicative Content: Candidates would be r equired to realise that karst landforms are a topography that are associated with limestone. The types of landforms that candidates may engage with in their answer include tower karst, cone karst and isolated karst. They should al so be able to make linkes to the processes and factors that underlie the formation of karst landscapes in the humid tropics. A higher level response will be able to interrogate the term ‘present day’ in greater details, and realise that not a ll processes occurring are still active in the present day. They could highlight the condititions that would set the context on whether these processes are happening in the present day or not. Possible links to other topics include effects of tropical deforestation (Topic 1.2), the actions of extractive indus tries (Topic 2.2) and the effects of climate change (Topic 3.1). [20]

JC2H2PE2018 PAPER 1 TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT 3 Levels marked using H2 generic level descriptors for 20m SECTION B – Development, Economy and Environment 3 (a) Explain how the Multidim ensional Poverty Index has helped in measuring and monitoring development across countries in the developing world. Indicative Content: Multidimensional Poverty I ndex (MPI) is one of t he tools that has been partially created by the United Nati ons as a means of measuring and monitoring development across the world. A higher level response will be able to place emphasis on the context of how MPI has aided in the measuring and monitoring development across countries in the developing world. St ronger candidates will recognise that development affects multiple domains of life. Examples would improve the overall quality of the answer. Levels marked using H2 generic level descriptors for 12m [12] 3 (b) Assess the usefulness of the depende ncy theory in understanding development across the world. Having considered about the state of development in countries of the developing world in (a), candidates would now evaluate the different ways of thinking about development as pr oposed by certain schools of thought and its usefulness to understanding dev elopment across the world more broadly. Indicative Content: Candidates should dem onstrate an understanding of dependency theory. In particular, candidates will need to show how dependency theory does play out in the state of development in the world today. Candidates will also need to show the ways in whic h the dependency theory is not useful in understanding the state of development in the world today. A higher level response will be able to show how other theories may be more useful in understanding develop ment across the world. Another approach would be to recognise that the usefulness of the theories may be spatially and temporally specific. Possible links to other topics include physical processes (Topic 1.1), and/or natural environment and res ources (Topic 2.2) and aims of sustainable development (Theme 3.1). [20]

JC2H2PE2018 PAPER 1 TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT 4 Levels marked using H2 generic level descriptors for 20m 4 (a) Explain the characteristics of extractive industries and their development in resource-rich countries. Indicative Content: Some of the characteristics of extractive industries include it being location specific, location specific, capital and technology intensive, and a mixture of large private and stat e-owned firms. Candidates must demonstrate how extractive industries have developed in resource-rich countries. A higher level response will be able to provide examples of resource-rich countries and how the extractive indus try has taken root on their shores. Candidates may also base their know ledge of an exampl e of a resource firm and the expansion of their busi ness into resource-rich countries globally. Levels marked using H2 generic level descriptors for 12m [12] 4 (b) “Extractive industries are a curse fo r resource-rich countries and their environment.” How far do you agree with the statement? Having considered the nature of extrac tive industries and its development in (a), candidates would now apply this and assess the impact of the industry on resource-rich countries. Indicative Content: Responses sh