NJC Prelim_SH2_H2_GEO_P1_QP

National Junior College SH2 Preliminary Examination 2016 GEOGRAPHY 9730/01 Paper 1 Physical Geography 3 hours Higher 2 24 August 2016 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Answer all questions from Section A. Answer two questions from Section B. You are advised to spend not more than one hour 30 minutes on Section A. All the Figures referred to in the questions are contained in the Insert. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the question. Sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your answer scripts securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 5 printed pages.

2 Section A Answer four questions from this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 1 Figs. 1A and 1B show information about an ash cloud following the eruption of an Icelandic volcano in 2010. (a) Using Figs. 1A and 1B, describe the nature and spread of the ash cloud. [4] (b) Explain why this type of plate boundary produces a cloud of volcanic ash. [4] (c) (i) Name the tectonic plate boundary on which Iceland is located. [1] (ii) Name and explain the geological feature which separates the two plates. [3] Atmospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 2 Fig. 2A shows average Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies on 6 January 2016. Fig. 2B shows an excerpt of a news article detailing the impacts of the El Nino in West Africa. (a) How does the information provided in Fig. 2A confirm the occurrence of the El Nino? [2] (b) Explain the development of the El Nino and its impact in the Pacific region shown in Fig. 2A. [5] (c) Explain ways in which the impacts of drought in West Africa mentioned in Fig. 2B could potentially be mitigated. [5]

3 Hydrologic Process, Hazards and Management 3 Fig. 3A is a map showing the characteristics of the drainage basins of Clapham Beck and Austwick Beck. Figs. 3B and 3C are storm hydrographs of Clapham Beck and Austwick, following the same storm. (a) Contrast the hydrographs shown in Figs. 3B and 3C. [4] (b) Use Fig. 3A to explain the contrasts between the hydrographs shown in Figs. 3B and 3C. [6] (c) How useful is river velocity in helping to determine the flood risk of each of the two rivers in Fig. 3A? [2] Atmospheric and Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 4 Fig. 4A shows the track and development of Hurricane (Tropical