NJC Prelim SH2 H2 GEO P2 QP

1 National Junior College SH2 Preliminary Examination 2016 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Higher 2 9730/02 3 Hours 30 August 2016 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. The insert contains all the Figures and the Table referred to in the questions. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the question. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your answer scripts securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 5 printed pages, including this cover page.

2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Question 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks each. Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity Question 1 Fig. 1 shows the relationship between self -reported happiness – as measured by the percentage of total population who experienced positive emotions – and human development index (HDI) for selected countries in various world regions in 2013. (a) Describe the relationship between the two variables, supporting your answer with evidence from Fig. 1. [4] (b) What does the data suggest about happiness as an indicator of development? [2] (c) Explain three limitations of the information shown in Fig. 1 for studying countries’ levels of development. [6] Population Issues and Challenges Question 2 Fig. 2 shows the fertility rates across major Indian states in 2013. Table 1 shows the female literacy rates across selected Indian states in 2013. (a) Identify [2] (i) the mapping technique used to construct Fig. 2. (ii) the state with the highest female literacy rate in Table 1. (b) Describe and explain the relationship between fertility rates and female literacy rates. [4] (c) To what extent is a north-south divide pattern of fertility rates observed from Fig 2? Support your assessment with evidence from the maps. [6]

3 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Question 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks each. Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. Urban Issues and Challenges Question 3 Photograph A shows the s lum neighbourhood of La Cava and a gated suburban community in Buenos Aires, Argentina (2003). (a) Distinguish the social and economic conditions which may characterise the slum neighbourhood of La Cava and the gated suburban community. [4] (b) Suggest possible reasons why the slum dwellers in La Cava choose to locate next to the gated suburban community. [4] (c) Describe briefly how you would conduct fieldwork to investigate the quality of life of the slum dwellers in La Cava. [4] The Globalisation of Economic Activity / Population Issues and Challenges / Urban Issues and Challenges Question 4 Fig. 4 shows the projected urban populations of selected countries in 2050. Table 2 shows the projected Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms for selected countries in 2050. (a) Using Fig. 4, (i) describe the distribution of the projected urban populations in 2050. [4] (ii) discuss how these population projections could be useful to authorities. [4] (b) With reference to both Fig. 4 and Table 2, (i) describe the relationship between projected GDP in PPP terms and projected urban populations in 2050. [3] (ii) give reasons for the relationship you have described in (b)(i). [3]

4 Section B Answer two questions. Each question carries 25 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity Question 5 Either (a) Using examples, describe the variation in economic wealth at the regional scale. [9] (b) ‘Understand technological change and you will understand globalisation’. How far do you agree? [16] Question 5 Or (a) Describe and explain the spatial organisation of the activities of TNCs. [9] (b) Assess the extent to which TNCs have a positive impact on the countries in which they operate. [16] Population Issues and Processes Question 6 Either (a) Define the term sustainable development and explain how it can be achieved. [9] (b) Examine whether the Malthusian theory is still relevant in understanding population growth and resource utilisation in the 21st century. [16] Question 6 Or (a) Describe and explain the increasing complexity of transnational migration in this age of globalisation. [9] (b) Evaluate the applicability of the Demographic Transition Theory to less developed countries (LDCs) and developed countries (DCs) in the 21st century. [16]

5 Urban Issues and Challenges Question 7 Either (a) Outline the ways in which global cities are global in character and function. [9] (b) To what extent is gentrification the solution to the problems of urban decline? [16] Question 7 Or (a) Discuss the factors which may contribute to social segregation in urban areas in developed countries (DCs). [9] (b) Why is transport congestion in the urban areas of less developed countries (LDCs) difficult to overcome? [16]