ACJC Prelim H2 GEO P2 ans

© ACJC 2016 H2/9730/02 1 ANGLO-CHINESE JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 Preliminary Examinations 2016 GEOGRAPHY 9730/02 Higher 2 Time: 3 hours 29 August 2016 (Monday) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. Insert contains all the Figures and Table referred to in the question paper. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. The number of the marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. At the end of the examination, fast en your answers to Section A separately from that of Section B. On the cover sheet provided, include:  Your name and index no.  The question numbers of the question you have attempted in the boxes provided, and place the cover sheet as the top page over your answers to Section A. This document consists of 5 printed pages, including this cover page. The Insert consists of 6 printed pages. Department of Geography Anglo-Chinese Junior College 25 Dover Close East Singapore 139745

© ACJC 2016 H2/9730/02 2 Section A Answer four questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 4 carry 12 marks and Question 3 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1 Fig. 1 shows the total production volume within North America , employment numbers and total sales for General Motors (an American automobile transnational corporation). (a) Describe and explain the employment numbers of the North American and Asian countries shown. Describe (2m)  Higher for North America with a total of 123,000. Total for the Asian countries shown is 39,400  US is clearly the highest contributor for all countries shown with a total of 98,000 employees. Explain (Total 4m, 2m per point/sub -point, both Asia and North America needs to be explained)  Higher value for North America could be due the high sales volume of North America. o As automobile is a bulky product, it may make sense for production to be at the site of sales to reduce costs of transportation and reduce the risk of damage. o Higher value for North America could be due to the need to cater to the needs of the consumers in North America. As such, GM may have hired advertising talents etc.  The employment numbers for Asia are mainly contributed by South Korea and China. SK may have an affluent market hence it is chosen as a site for production (see earlier explanation) while China may have been chosen for the lower wage rates given that firms are profit-driven.  Higher level of employment in US may be d ue to the home country advantage. US may have been chosen as the site for the GM HQ and/or research and development efforts due to both inertia and the prestige/sentimental value of locating within the home country. [6]

© ACJC 2016 H2/9730/02 3 (b) Compare non -labour locational advantages that firms seek when outsourcing manufacturing and service functions. 2m each Manufacturing Services Similarity  Govt policies e.g. lower taxation, the building of EPZs in the case of manuf or research facilities in the case of R&D wh ich is a form of service  Importance of connectivity e.g. container ports in the case of manufacturing. Communication technologies e.g. fibre options are important for both manuf and services but would be more important for services. Difference – Environmental Considers environmental legislation – the absence of environmental legislation e.g. carbon emissions taxation, requirements on green technology reduces cost of production Does not consider environmental legislation Difference – Site Require a large land area with extensive transport networks Does not require a large land area but location is dependent on the type of services e.g. legal and accountancy services tend to be within the CBD given the need for face-to-face interactions while research and b ack- office functions tend to be sited in rural, idyllic areas. Difference – Market Less important except in the case where the final product is bulky Important consideration to be close to the market given that some services need to be consumed at the site of production. [6] Population Issues and Challenges 2 Fig. 2 shows Britain’s demographic transition from 1700 to 2020 (predicted). (a) Using evidence from Fig. 2 , describe two possible limitations of population prediction. [4]

© ACJC 2016 H2/9730/02 4  Sudden events e.g. WW1, WW2. These sudden events may increase mortality OR unexpected post war baby boom that increased fertility. Population prediction would not have been able to predict wars.  Issue with data collection – lack of data e.g. data prior to 1801 were estimate s. This indicates either a small sample size that compromises accuracy or the lack of data.  Effect of government policies unknown e.g. population change after the year 2000 is likely to be dependent on the success of pro-natal policies (b) How far is Britain’s demographic transition as shown in Fig. 2 similar to that proposed by the Demographic Transition Theory? Stage 1 –  Similar as the high fluctuating stage is reflected in the period from 1700 to 1760 with a BR and DR of approximately 32 to 36 per 1000. Stage 2 & 3 –  Unlike the DTM, there is no clear distinction between Stage 2 and 3 for the actual demographic transition of Britain. Characteristics of the transition from stage 2 to 3 is that birth rates start their decline and the decline is death rate slows down. Based on the data, birth rate declines in 1860 while the fall in death rates slows in 1820.  Disruption to stage 3 with WW1 and WW2. The DTM does not take into account sudden events.  Overall, DR falls from approximately 36 per 1000 to 12 per 1000. BR falls from approximately 36 per 1000 to 14 per 1000. Stage 4 –  Low values are seen from the Fig. from approx. 1940.  Fluctuation in the Fig is generally less prominent than that of the DTM Stage 5 –  Starts at approximately 2000.  From the year 2000, it is expected that death rates will exceed birth rates and the gap is continually increasing with a final gap of approximately 2 per 1000 in 2020. [4] (c) As the Chief Planning Officer of the Population Policy Division of a less developed country (LDC), what recommendations would you propose to prepare for the increase in the proportion of the economically active? Possible issues to prepare for: [4]

© ACJC 2016 H2/9730/02 5  Insufficient jobs o Any policies that increase FDI e.g. tax exemptions, building of an EPZ  High total fertility rate due to population momentum o Any anti-natal: elaborate on any possible strategy  Carrying capacity given that likely increase in population size o Any facilities/amenities related p