CJC H2 GEO P2 qns

1    CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE In preparation for General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 G E O G R A P H Y 9730/02 Paper 2 Human Geography 29 August 2016 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper 1 Insert World Outline Map READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all four questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. Data Inserts contains all Photographs, Table and Figures referred to in the question paper. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, you are to hand in each question separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Indicate the questions attempted on the examination cover page provided and attach the cover page to Question 1. Start each question on a fresh sheet of paper. You will hand in each question separately. This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over]

2    Section A Answer all questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1. Citi is an American multi national investment banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York City. Figure 1 shows its international presence. (a) Describe the changes in Citibank’s presence in the world. [3] (b) What are the reasons that could account for a Citi’s decision to transnationalize? [4] (c) To what extent is technology necessary for Citibank to maintain a global presence? [5] Population Issues and Challenges 2. Figure 2 shows the distribution of Syri an refugees in Eu rope and the Middle East in 2014. (a) With reference to Figure 2, describe the distribution of Syrian refugees. [3] (b) What reasons could account for the distribution of Syrian refugees in (i)? [5] (c) Discuss the impact of migration on receiving countries. [4] Urban Issues and Challenges 3. Figure 3A shows the urban regeneration plans for Stratford City, as well as the socio-economic profile of several areas in East London. Figure 3B shows the perception of Londoners, inside and outside of Stratford City, of Stratford City in 2011 and 2012. (a) With reference to evidence from Figure 3A, identify the type of urban regeneration project shown in Figure 3A. [3] (b) With reference to examples, explain why governments need to implement urban regeneration projects. [5] (c) With reference to Figure 3B, identi fy and explain 2 other pieces of information you would need to crit ically evaluate the success of Stratford’s regeneration project. [4]

3    Globalisation of Economic Activity and Population Issues and Challenges 4. Figure 4A shows the population pyramid of Sri Lanka in 2015. Figure 4B shows the proportion of labour force with tertia ry education in Sri Lanka, the United States and the United Kingdom from 2009 to 2013. (a) Define the term comparative advantage. [1] (b) With reference to Figure 4A, describe the population structure of Sri Lanka. [3] (c) With evidence from Figure 4A and Figure 4B, explain the comparative advantage of Sri Lanka. [4] (d) Evaluate the measures that can be adopted to stimulate economic growth in a country like Sri Lanka? [6] Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 5 EITHER (a) Distinguish between the tertiary, quaternary and quinary sectors of the economy. [9] (b) In the UN list of Human Development Index (HDI) values for 187 countries in 2014, Norway, a DC in Europe, was ranked first with 0.94 and Niger, an LDC in Africa, was ranked last with 0.337. Assess the usefulness of the HDI and of one or more other indicators which may be used to measure development. [16] 5 OR (a) With reference to one TNC, describe its spatial organisation and its structure. [9] (b) “The global economy works for about twenty percent of the world; for about eighty percent, it doesn't.” – Kevin Danaher, Author and Anti- Globalization Activist To what extent do you agree with the quote above? [16]

4    Population Issues and Challenges 6 EITHER (a) Describe and explain global trends in fertility. [9] (b) “[…] the [demographic] transition is a universal phenomenon that affects all countries in the course of their development from a preindustrial to a more modern society.” - Dirk van de Kaa, Emeritus Pr ofessor of demography at the University of Amsterdam How ‘universal’ is the demographic transition model? [16] 6 OR (a) Discuss the need for and problems of population forecasting at the national scale. [9] (b) With reference to one or more population resource theories you have studied, evaluate the usefulness of theories on population growth and resource utilisation to policymakers today. [16] Urban Issues and Challenges 7 EITHER (a) Discuss the causes of socio-economic polarization in urban areas. [9] (b) How far do you agree that historical forces play a minimal role in the structure of urban areas? [16] 7 OR (a) Describe and explain the difference in urbanisation trends in LDCs and DCs [9] (b) With reference to named examples from DCs, assess the strategies used to manage housing problems. [16] **** END OF PAPER ****