Separation_and_Purification

Separation and Purification Content Separating a Solid from a Liquid Technique Name Sample Diagram Steps Filtration 1. Pour the mixture into a filter funnel that is lined with filter paper. 2. Collect the filtrate in a conical flask 3. Collect the residue and dry it on a piece of filter paper. Evaporation to Dryness 1. Heat the solution in an evaporation dish 2. When all the liquid has been removed, all the impurities will be there Crystallization 1. Dissolve the solid in water 2. Filter to remove any insoluble impurities, collect the filtrate. 3. Heat the solution until it is saturated. 4. Leave it to cool and crystallize. 5. Filter to collect the crystals, wash with a little cold distilled water. Dry between a few sheets of filter paper Separating Solids from Solid Mixture Technique Name Sample Diagram Steps Using a Suitable solvent 1. Add the solvent and stir to dissolve the soluble solid. 2. Filter the suspension 3a. If using the filtrate, evaporate it to Dryness 3b. If using residue, wash residue with Distilled water Sublimation 1. Heat the mixture 2. The moment all of the chemical completely sublimes and deposits on the surface of the filter funnel, stop heating

Using a Magnet 1. Use a magnet and let it attract all the magnetically attractable chemical, wash off any impurities with distilled water and dry with sheets of filter paper Separating a Liquid from a Solution – Simple Distillation Diagram Description 1. In the distillation flask, the solution boils. Boiling chips ensure smooth boiling. The liquid vaporizes, rises, and enters the Liebig condenser 2. In the Liebig condenser, the vapor cools and condenses. It now changes back to a liquid and is known as a distillate. 3. The pure distillate is collected in the receiver (conical flask) Separating Liquids Technique Sample Diagram Steps Using a Separating Funnel 1. Pour the mixture of the two immiscible liquids into the separating funnel (Tap MUST be closed) 2. Support the separating funnel using a retort stand. Place a clean beaker below the separating funnel 3. Allow the liquids to separate completely. The denser liquid will be at the bottom layer. 4. Open the tap of the funnel to allow the bottom layer to drain into the beaker. Close the tap before the top layer of liquid runs out. 5. Place another beaker below the funnel. Open tap to allow a little of the top layer of liquid into the beaker. Dispose the liquid Separating Liquids - Fractional Distillation Occurrences during Fractional Distillation - The liquid with the lowest boiling point will distil over first

- The vapours of liquids with higher boiling points condense along the fractionating column and fall back into the round-bottomed flask. Fractionating Column and its purpose - Attached to the round-bottomed flask and the condenser. - Many glass beads in the fractionating column provi