English P2

English Paper 2 Notes Visual Text Notable Common Questions: Message: What is the purpose of this poster? - Look out for title/call to action/emphasised portions/overall theme of the poster - Format: To (action verb e.g. advise/urge) (audience) (message) so as to (expected outcome) Intended Effect: The advertisement states that…...what effect is this intended to have on the reader? - Identify what is striking about the element and the emotion derived from it - Find out what the element wants the reader to do - Format: The statement was written so that the reader will feel (emotion) so that they will (action). - If a quote is given, show understanding of said quote by reinstating it in synonyms Effect of photograph: How does the photograph illustrate _________? - Describe photograph, write more on impactful elements - State what can be inferred from the elements you have raised - Relate this to the overall message of the extract - “Quote or Element” suggests that “Explanation of effect” - If the criterion is broad, specify, with clear links, the subset of the criterion - How does the illustration highlight the role of social enterprise?: Must specify what social enterprises do Effect of statement: What is striking and effective about……? - Use the “Elements of Appeal” below to find out what is different about the text compared to other texts - State what is striking about the text. What makes this text memorable? - State what is effective about the text. What message does this text convey impactfully? - E.g “Silk: Strength in Every Pour”: The slogan is striking as silk is often associated with soft and smooth objects while in the slogan it is associated with strength. The slogan is effective as it highlights/emphasises how the silk milk has health benefits that will nurture the body while being delicious to drink. - Striking: Memorable, Effective: Highlights message Effect of element: Explain how…...highlights the message of the poster - Identify what is particular about the element and how it emphasises the message - Format: The (element’s unique quality) highlights that (underlying theme) so that (main message) - If the criterion is broad, specify, with clear links, the subset of the criterion

- How does the statement highlight the role of social enterprise?: Must specify what social enterprises do Appeal to audience: Refer to the heading…...Give two reasons why the information presented will appeal to participants. - Identify elements of the information presented that strike you - State the action of the element - E.g. It portrays the participants as positive youths. Target Audience: Who might this advertisement target? - See “Elements of Appeal” of the text shown below - Infer from the nature of the visual the audience it is meant to target - The target audience may be a specific age group (children, teenagers, adults) or a group the advertised subject caters for (Milk for health-conscious adults) Elements of Appeal: - Choice of Words (Diction) - Interesting images and Illustrations - Layout and Colour (usually NA as pictures are in B&W) - Font - Humor - Scare/Shock Tactics - Language (Puns, Irony, Imagery, Personification, Metaphors, Similes, Hyperbole) (Essentially, pay attention to what is unusual about the information relayed.) General Tips: ● Read the questions first before scanning the visual ● Highlight important points ● Check your answer for grammatical and vocabulary-related errors Section B and C Notable Common Questions: Factual: What three methods were employed to try and stop the cook from using the boss’ sock as strainers? - Easiest question type - Read the text and highlight the relevant portions - State the points needed directly, with appropriate connectors. - You do not need to state the answer in your own words - You do not need to draw any inferences - Contextualise the information given - Converse information which implies the answer may apply Factual-Technique: Give two ways in which the writer emphasises…… (criterion)

- Technique: “Quote” + Explain through rephrasing key terms (or all to be safe) in your own words + Link to Criterion - Do not repeat the criterion; reinstate it in your own words - You may use “...” for clarity - If the criterion is broad, specify, with clear links, the subset of the criterion - How does the statement highlight the role of social enterprise?: Must specify what social enterprises do Inferential: a. Why do you think that….../Suggest a reason why….../What is so surprising about….../Why might it be difficult to…… - Do not use contextual knowledge to answer these questions - Ensure that the question is not a factual question: If you see the word “do you”, the examiner is seeking your opinion, and therefore inference, rather than a fact from the text. - When given a quote/a specified word, reinstate the quote with synonyms, and always make reference to terms used in the quote in your answer. See this as a link of sorts. - Analyse every word and its underlying connotations - Character Trait: Must be permanent Language use for Impact: What is effective about the use of….../Explain the irony of….../What is effective about the use of the hyperbole…… - Quote: Describe with synonyms + Explain - Figures of speech which may be tested: A. Simile: He is like school on December; no class/He is as awkward as pickles in a cheeseburger. B. Metaphor: He is school on December; no class. C. Personification (Describing or referring to an inhuman subject as a human, for example through human-related adjectives; e.g. the wheels screamed) D. Hyperbole (Exaggeration) E. Oxymoron (A noun described by a contrasting verb for emphasis e.g. deafening silence, pretty ugly) F. Ellipses: “...”; shows length G. Brackets: Additional information which is interesting and noteworthy ● Question Types a. Diction: What does the phrase/word tell you about…/Explain why the writer chooses the word… - Answer directly, attempt to capture the meaning as much as possible. Sometimes an additional adjective may be necessary for the mark. - “Wooden faced”: The phrase tells me that the woman was expressionless. - In explaining the writer’s word choice, use action verbs (e.g. illustrate/highlight) - Explain fully: Use cause and effect - The statement highlights that (effect) ACTION VERB + MESSAGE - Link to a given criterion if necessary

- Explain how the language used…: Only quote relevant portions and state explanation in context of criterion - Quote: If figurative language is used, explain the expression in terms of the context, and link your explanation to the given criterion (see “simile/metaphor” below) b. Simile/Metaphor: What is effective about the use of the simile “as wax”? - Explanation of simile + similarly + relation to meaning in context - Wax is easily shaped, similarly, bachelors are easily manipulated by their stewards. c. Common Quality: What is common between the simile and the metaphor? - Quality of A + likewise + Quality of B - Replace words used with synonyms d. Irony: Explain the irony about - State that literal/expected meaning/outcome the text suggests, then state the ironic result, Word/phrase suggests that (expected outcome) however, (ironic actual outcome) - Irony is engendered when there is an incongruity between the expected and actual outcome. e. What picture does the author create: - State an element in the text and liken it to another element. Ensure that both are stated or marks will be deducted. - The author creates the image of the river as a shepherd and the trees as cattlemen, which the shepherd is gathering. Unusual and Effective: What is unusual/surprising and effective about this phrase? - Requires you to explore the nuances in meaning of a word and its influence on and with other words a. State what is unusual: Analyse the literal meaning/expe