notes for paper 1

Situational WritingTechniques (arguments):1. Connect with audience- We, our, us- you- use for speech or writing with a specific audience(can't usefor discursive in this case)2. Rhetorical qn- Emphasis and highlight a pt3. Modals- May (present)- Might (past)- Avoid definitives [being too single-minded]; open to possibilities- Examples:definitives Non-definitivesmust maycan couldshall Should ( this is also adefinitive actually)will would- Portray a thinker as matured/balanced- After modal, the next word should be in its root form4. Repetition (parallel structure)- Reinforce point Approaching the writing task1. Establish PAC- Purpose: why am i writing the letter?- Audience: Who am I writing the letter to?- Context: What is happening? When and where is thishappening?

2. Identify the required points to be addressed. What ideas must beincluded? Tone: formalA formal letter/email is:- An official letter/email- Usually to someone who is not a friend or family, e.g. a business or toa professional(principal, teacher ect ect) We may choose to write a formal letter to:- Propose- Persuade- Thank- complain/compliment- Inform- Enquire Examples of formal letters:- Proposal- Application for a job- Enquiry- complaint/compliment letter- Acceptance letter- Resignation letter Formal letters or emails are written in a polite and formal tone Use the following formal language features:1. Modal verbs- to express possibility, intention, necessity,ability ormake suggestions- Can, could, may, might, should, will, shall, would, ought andmust

2. Formal language- words and language used in official writtendocuments Avoid the following:1. Singlish e.g. I got an idea, so happening2. Internet slangs- words or phrases used on the internet- Abbreviations: LOL, IDK, IMO, IRL, SMH- Facepalm, triggered, salty, fam, goals, lit, low key, ect ect Useful phrasesDear….- Sir/Madam- Mr/Mrs/Ms + last name Starting- Thank you for…- I recently read/heard about… and would like to… Offering suggestion- I suggest… as…- Consideration should be given to- I am opposed to the idea of…- It would be beneficial/advantageous to…- I would strongly recommend…- I suggest that the problem of… can be addressed through… Making request(s)- We would appreciate it if you could…- I would be grateful if you could…- Could you possibly tell us/let us have…- It would be helpful if you could send us…- I am interested in (obtaining/receiving) … Offering help

- We would be happy to …- We are quite willing to …- The committee would be pleased to … Talking about contact in the futureI look forward to:- Meeting you soon- Hearing from you soon- Your favourable reply- Receiving permission to proceed with…- Your approval of… Discursive Writing Purpose1. The goal of a discursive essay is to present balanced view(maturethinkers) on a particular topic in a factual and convincing manner2. Discussion is anchored by main ideas and supported by facts andresearch (supporting details). Relevant explanations and elaborationsare given t