English

Question types (Narrative & Non-narrative) Friday, 15 September 2017 9:15 AM Literal Factual: identify answer directly from passage Vocabulary: provide meaning from text Inferential - Connotation Pick out key words from question Use (a) author’s intention (b) prior knowledge (c) contextual clues Reference Type 1- complex reference a. Identify main idea/commutation from question b. Identify synonyms of ^ c. Evidence + Explanation Question: Explain how the language in paragraph _____ shows that ________________. Pick 3 evidences to support your answer. (phrases/sentence) D + C + synonym = 1 mark Answer : [Denotation] shows that therefore/ thus/ it highlights/ emphasises [Connotation; Explanation Ofphrases + synonym if the idea found in question] Type 2 - Simple reference “Refer to paragraph ___ , identify word or phrase…” Question: Give evidence from paragraph… Answer : The evidence is “________”/ It is evident from “_________”/ Rephrase Type 3 - vocabulary (can fall under quotation as well) a. Given [Connotation] b. Identify [denotation + evidence] from text Full complete sentence Quotation marks

Type 4 - support using evidence ‘How __________ can support his view using evidence from paragraph ___’ D + C = 1 mark Answer : Denotation (quote from text) shows/highlights Connotation (explain and describe Denotation) Example Identify a phrase from paragraph 3 which suggest that Gina was crying in pain a. The phrase is “wailing loudly” b. The phrase is “wailing loudly in agony" c. The phrase is ‘ Gina was wailing loudly in agony.” (sentence) Quotation 1. Identify topic 2. Understand denotation of quote 3. Understand connotation of quote in context 4. Link to topic and formulate answer Example What does ‘given quote’ suggest/tell you about [topic] Answer((Answer based on topic) It highlights that Jane is feeling (Topic) Gist (narrative comprehension) Evaluative: requires you to look at the emotion/gist of each paragraph • Notice keywords in paragraph; look out for characters, emotion/plot • Categorise the words; positive/ negative, compare feelings/emotion • Find the gist of each paragraph First type: emotions/feelings of narrator/another character • Adjective Second type: plot development/experience of narrator/another character • Not clear cut Intended effect: purpose + effect Evoke/create a sense of (emotion) In/on the (what is the emotion directed towards)

How is it effective [Denotation] : what word means [Connotation] : in reference to context Literary devices Metaphors, Simile, Personification • Metaphor: one object is compare to a particular characteristic of another object • Simile: same as metaphors, except that they have a particular structure of “as…..as…” or “like….” -Identify Simile and Metaphor: don’t need subject • Personification: same as metaphors but only use human characteristics - Identify personification: need subject Answer A(subject) is compared to B(object) which highlights/emphasis that C(connotation: shows extreme/intensity:“very”) Irony Expectations do not meet reality Answer Since [scenario in text], therefore [logical consequences] yet [opposite of logical consequence, in text, paraphrased] Pun aka word play; when a single word/phrase as more than one meaning in the same context/ same sounding words,in context *common in visual text; advertising - to attract attention of audience Steps to understand a pun ; answer structure 1. Identify the pun 2. Identify the meanings Answer There is a pun on (word/phrase). The first meaning is (meaning). The second meaning is (meaning). Unusual yet Effective Unusual Steps to unpack ‘unusual’ question • What is odd/weird/uncommon about the expression? • Look at words in the sentence and find words that are not normally used together • Explain Answer

The phrase “___________” is unusual as “[first word]” usually describes/means [definition], while “[second word]” usuallydescribes/means [definition] *both definitions have to contrast each other (needs to link) Effective (link to context) • What does it emphasise? • Include ‘very’/‘extremely’ -> Writers use unusual phrases to highlight the intensity of things Answer It is effective as it highlights that situation from text (must include very/extremely or any word that highlightsseverity)