EJC 2023 The Gaseous State Lecture Notes (Teachers' Copy)

2023 JC1 H2 CHEMISTRY (9729) CORE IDEA 2: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES Topic 4: THE GASEOUS STATE Name: ___________________________________________ Civics Group: _________ Lecture Content 1 Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 2 2 The Gas Laws................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 3 2.1 Boyle’s Law ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 3 2.2 Charles’s Law ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 4 2.3 Avogadro’s Law ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 6 2.4 The Ideal Gas Equation ................................ ................................ .............................. 6 2.5 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures ................................ ................................ ............... 8 3 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases ................................ ................................ ......... 11 4 The Behaviour of Real Gases ................................ ................................ ......................... 12 4.1 Effect of Low Pressure ................................ ................................ .............................. 13 4.2 Effect of High Temperature ................................ ................................ ....................... 14 4.3 Effect of Strong Intermolecular Forces ................................ ................................ ...... 15 5 Real Life Applications ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 17 APPENDIX ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 18 APPENDIX 1 ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 18 APPENDIX 2 ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 19 APPENDIX 3 ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 20 REFERENCES 1 Chemistry (for CIE AS & A Level) by Peter Cann & Peter Hughes 2 Chemistry3: Introducing Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry by Andrew Burrows, John Holman, Andrew Parsons, Gwen Pilling & Gareth Price 3 A-Level Chemistry by E.N. Ramsden Students should be able to: (a) state the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory as applied to an ideal gas (b) explain qualitatively in terms of intermolecular forces and molecular size: (i) the conditions necessary for a gas to approach ideal behaviour (ii) the limitations of ideality at very h