TMJC H2 History 2023 P1 Prelim

TAMPINES MERIDIAN JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION CANDIDATE NAME CIVICS GROUP H2 HISTORY Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 9752/01 13 September 2023 3 hours Additional materials: 12 Page Answer Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. ___________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 5 printed pages and 1 blank page.

2 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC2 Preliminary Examination H2 History SECTION A You must answer Question 1. Origins of the Cold War 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow: Source A Having freed much of Eastern Europe from the Nazis, the Red Army remained in occupation and the Soviet Union established Communist governments that were closely controlled by Moscow. These became known as Soviet satellite states. The same pattern was followed in each country:  Coalition governments were set up in which the Communists shared power with other political parties.  Backed by Stalin, the Communists took over the civil service, media, security and defence.  Opposition leaders were arrested or forced to flee.  Elections were held but were fixed to ensure support for the Communists.  ‘People’s democracies’ were set up. Extract from modern British textbook, 2001 Source B The Germans launched the invasion of the USSR through Finland, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Hungary. They were able to launch the invasion through these countries because in these countries there were governments that were hostile to the USSR. As a result of the German invasion the Soviet Union has lost about seven million persons forever in battle with the Germans. The Soviet Union lost several times more people than England and the United States of America put together. It may be asked what can be surprising about the Soviet Union wanting security in the future, about its attempts to see to it that these countries have governments that have loyal relations with the Soviet Union? How is it possible to characterize these peaceful efforts of the Soviet Union as expansionist tendencies of our state? Mr. Churchill is not precise when he speaks of the growth of the influence of Communist Parties in East Europe. The influence of the Communist Parties is growing not only in Eastern Europe but in almost all the countries of Europe in which Fascism formerly held sway or where there were German or Italian occupations. The growth of the influence of the Communist Parties is a completely regular phenomenon. The influence of the Communist Parties is growing because in the worst years of Fascist domination in Europe the Communists seemed to be trustworthy, brave, self-sacrificing fighters against the fascist regime, for the freedom of the people. Such are the laws of historical development. Excerpt of Stalin’s response to Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech published on Pravda, 14 March 1946

3 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC2 Preliminary Examination H2 History Source C After the close of one of the meetings, Truman informed Stalin that the United States now possessed a bomb of exceptional power. At that moment Churchill fixed his gaze on Stalin’s face, closely observing his reaction. However, Stalin did not betray his feelings and pretended that he saw nothing special in what Truman had said. Both Churchill and many Americans subsequently assumed that Stalin had really failed to fathom the significance of what he had heard. In actual fact, on returning to his quarters after the meeting Stalin told Molotov about his conversation with Truman. Molotov replied immediately . “Let them. We’ll have to talk it over with Kurchatov and get him to speed things up.” I realized that they were talking about research on the atomic bomb. It was clear to Stalin that the US Government intended to use the atomic weapon for t he purpose of achieving its Imperialist goals from a position of strength in “the cold war.” Excerpt from the memoirs of Stalin’s general on his observations after Truman met with Stalin during the Potsdam Conference, 1973 . Source D A British cartoon on Truman negotiating with Attlee (British Prime Minister) and Stalin during the Potsdam conference, 1946.

4 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC2 Preliminary Examination H2 History Source E Ethridge’s letter this morning was full of information on Rumania & Bulgaria and confirms our previous information on those two police states. I think we ought to protest with all the vigor of which we are capable against the R ussian program in Iran. There is no justification for it. It is a parallel to the program of Russia in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. It is also in line with the high handed and arbitrary manner in which Russia acted in Poland. At Potsdam we were faced with an accomplished fact and were, by circumstances, almost forced to agree to Russian occupation of Eastern Poland. It was a high handed outrage. When you went to Moscow you were faced with another accomplished fact in Iran. Another outrage if ever I saw one. Iran was our ally in the war. Iran was Russia’s ally in the war. Yet now Russia stirs up rebellion and keeps troops on her soil. There isn’t a doubt in my mind that Russia also intends an invasion of Turkey and the seizure of the Black Sea Straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language, another war is in the making. I’m tir ed of babying the Soviets. Truman’s private letter to US Secretary of State Byrnes, 5 Jan 1946 Source F US foreign policy has been characterized in the postwar period by a desire for world domination. This is the real meaning of repeated statements by President Truman that the US has a right to world leadership. All the forces of American diplomacy, the armed forces, industry, and science have been placed at the service of this policy. The increase in peacetime military potential and the organization of a large number of naval and air bases both in the US and beyond its borders are clear indicators of the US desire to establish world domination. The size of the Army, which is to reach 1 million men as of 1 July 1947, has been considerably increased. The colossal growth of expenditures for the Army and Navy, comprising $13 billion in the 1946-1947 budget is more than 10 times the corresponding expenditures in the 1938 budget, when it did not even reach $1 billion. All these facts clearly show that their armed forces are designed to play a decisive role in the realization of plans to establish American world domination. Excerpt from Novikov’s secret telegram to Stalin, 27 Sept 1946 Now answer the following questions: (a) Compare and contrast sources A and B as evidence about Soviet actions in Eastern Europe. [10] (b) How far do sources A - F support the view that Stalin was responsible for the start of the Cold War? [30]

5 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC2 Preliminary Examination H2 History SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS You must answer two questions from this section. EITHER 2 How far do you agree that OPEC’s actions in 1973 resulted in the Crisis Years? [30] OR 3 ‘Domestic factors were the mai