2023 H1 TMJC

TAMPINESMERIDIANJUNIORCOLLEGEJC2PRELIMINARYEXAMINATION CANDIDATENAME CIVICSGROUP H1HISTORY TheColdWar andtheModernWorld(1945–2000) 8821/01 13September20233hoursAdditional materials: 12PageAnswer Booklet READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRSTWriteyour nameandCivicsGroupinthespacesat thetopof thepage.Writeindarkblueor blackpenonbothsidesof thepaper.YoumayuseanHBpencil for anydiagrams, graphsor roughworking.Donot usestaples, paper clips, glueor correctionfluid. SectionAAnswerQuestion1. SectionBAnswertwoquestions.Thenumber of marksisgiveninbrackets[ ] at theendof eachquestionor part question. Thisdocument consistsof6printedpagesand1blankpage. 1

BLANKPAGE 2

SECTIONAYoumust answer Question1. SUCCESSANDLIMITATIONSOFSUSTAININGALLIES TheKoreanWar1 Readthesourcesandanswer thequestionswhichfollow: SourceAFollowing our withdrawal from the Security Council, America became entangled in a militaryintervention in Korea and is now squandering its military prestige and moral authority. Few honestpeople can nowdoubt that America is nowactingasanaggressor andtyrant inKoreaandthat it isnotas militarily powerful as it claims to be. In addition, theUnitedStatesof Americaispresentlydistractedfrom Europe in the Far East. Does it not give us an advantage in the global balance of power? Itundoubtedlydoes.Let us suppose that the American government continues to be tied down in the Far East and pullsChina into the struggle for the freedomof Korea and its own independence. What might comeof this?First, America, just like any other country, cannot cope with China, a country with such large armedforces at the ready. It follows that America would overextend itself in this struggle. Second, havingoverextended itself in this matter, America would be incapable of a third world war in the near future.Therefore, a third world war would be postponed for an indeterminate period, which wouldprovidethetime necessary to strengthen socialism in Europe, not to mention that the struggle between Americaand China would revolutionize the entire Far East. Does all this not give us an advantage from theperspectiveof theglobal balanceof power?It unquestionablydoes.Stalin’sletter totheleader of Czechoslovakia, 27Aug1950.SourceBWe must remember that Stalin made decisions always to serve the Soviet Union's strategic interests.He would never decide solely to promote China’s interest or to help North Korea. The key, in myopinion, lay in Lushun (Port Arthur) and the China Eastern Railway (CER). Both were of criticalimportancefor theSoviet Union’saccesstothePacificOcean, aconsiderationthat hadlongoccupiedacentral positioninRussianandSoviet securitystrategiesinAsia.Upon Mao’s arrival in Moscow, Stalin initially showed no interest in signing a newtreaty withChina, inpart because he feared that this would deprive Moscow of the privileges to use Lushun and CER. Inearly January 1950, Stalin yielded to Mao’s persistent push and agreed to sign a new treaty. OnJanuary 26, Mao rejected Stalin’s proposal of keeping Soviet’s