2019 ANDERSON SEC 4NA SS Prelims

This document consists of 5 printed pages. Setter: Mr. Yong Eng Kiat NA ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2019 Secondary Four Normal Academic CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER: HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies 2175/01, 2176/01 30 July 2019 1 hour 45 minutes 0800 - 0945h Additional Materials: Writing paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tape. Answer all the questions. Write your answers on the writing paper provided. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For examiner’s use only: Section A / 35 m Section B / 15 m Total / 50 marks

Prelim 4N SS P1 2019 2 Section A (Source-based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. 1 Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. (a) Study Source A. What does the source tell you about nuclear energy in Britain? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C. Do you think the Professor in Source B will agree with the British organization in Source C? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Source D. Why do you think this source was published? Explain your answer. [7] (d) Study Source E. How surprised are you by this letter from the Confederation of British Industry (CBI)? Explain your answer. [7] (e) How far do the sources in the case study show that the British government should continue to use nuclear energy? Explain your answer. [10] Should the British government continue to use nuclear energy? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. Nuclear powered stations are considered to be a climate -friendly energy source because it generates power without releasing carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas thought to be harmful to the atmosphere. However, there is also fear that nuclear plants can accidentally release radiation into the environment and cause radiation sickness. One role of the government is to provide goods and services for its citizens. The British government provides electricity from a list of energy sources like fossil fuels (gas, coal, oil), nuclear energy and newer sources like renewables ( wind and solar ). Nuclear power started in 1956 and generates around a quarter of the country’s energy today. It is projected to rise to a third in 2035 , as the government wanted to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The British government encourages private companies to build 12 new nuclear-powered stations by 2030. This has met with opposition from companies calling for more government subsidies to manage the high cost of building nuclear plants and public over concerns over safety of nuclear-powered stations. Study the following sources to find out whether the British government should continue the use of nuclear energy.

Prelim 4N SS P1 2019 3 Source A: A cartoon published on a weblog in March 2011 . It showed the energy options of nuclear from the nuclear station, oil from a local brand British Petroleum (BP), coal from a mine and wind generators. Source B: From a journal posted by a professor from Britain in February 2019. For those who oppose, nuclear energy is expensive and dangerous. There will be many who point, correctly, to the rise in solar and wind and will feel comfortable that Britain can well do without nuclear energy. Those who support renewables will be aware that irregular wind and solar requires either backup generation from gas power stations or large scale storage. The former will not deliver low carbon electricity and the limited use of a gas plant makes the real cost of wind and solar higher. In the uncertain times we face, the most sensible option is to continue putting some money into nuclear energy. Source C: From an article written by a British organisation campaigning for Britain to give up nuclear powered stations, 2018. Nuclear power stations do produce less pollution than coal or gas-fired power stations. But when the whole nuclear power cycle is taken into account (including uranium mining, processing, transportation and power station construction), renewable sources of energy produce far less emissions and financing. Renewable energy sources are already making a difference and, despite significantly less funding than nuclear power, the technology is rapidly advancing. Renewable energy sources made up nearly nine -tenths of new power added to Europe’s electricity grids in 2016 with windfarms accounting for more than half of the capacity installed. The UK has more than enough wind power potential to meet our energy needs.

Prelim 4N SS P1 2019 4 Source D: A British newspaper photograph of a rally in a t a railway station at Carlisle, Britain, November 2014. Trains that carry nuclear waste from nearby nuclear powered plants are routinely driven pass the Carlisle station. Nuclear waste is a radioactive waste left after nuclear is used to generate electricity. They are transported to special facilities for disposal after use. Source E: A published letter to the British government by the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), June 2019. The CBI is a British business organization that represent 190,000 businesses. To deliver the Government’s zero emissions* policy by 2050, it is mission important that business, politicians and the public work together to develop and make the necessary changes. Firms want to see whole list of stable, long-term policies created that will send markets an important signal: the UK depends less on fossil fuels for energy and is a world leader in overcoming climate change. Without an important contribution from nuclear power, the global energy transition will be that much harder. Alongside renewables (e.g. solar, wind) , energy efficiency and other innovative technologies, nuclear can make a significant contribution to achieving sustainable energy goals and increasing energy security. *Zero emissions: Refers to energy sources that does not give out waste products which can pollute the environment, e.g. Wind, Solar or Nuclear energy. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Copyright Acknowledgements: Source A: The English Blog: https://jeffreyhill.typepad.com/english/2011/03/cartoon -not-in-my-back- yard.html#.XRhkrC2Q2qk Source B: University of Birmingham: https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/thebirminghambrief/items/2019/02/Is -there-a- future-for-nuclear-energy-in-the-UK.aspx Source C: The Online Citizen: https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2016/03/30/safety -first-murphys-laws-smrts-safety- protocols/ Source D: Love the Land: https://mariannewildart.wordpress.com/2014/11/24/nuclear -madness-protest-at-carlisle- railway-station/ Source E: IEMA: https://transform.iema.net/article/nuclear -power-critical-del