GUANG YANG SEC SCH SS Prelims 4N 2019

Additional Materials for Candidates: Writing Papers INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write all answers on foolscap paper provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. At the end of the test, fasten all your work securely together. Teacher’s Feedback : Student’s Reflection : Why do you think you get the marks? What are some of the areas identified by the teacher that you should work on? How do you think you can improve? This question paper consists of 7 printed pages, inclusive of this cover page. / SECTION QUESTION NUMBER A 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e Sub-total Marks /35 B 2a 2b Sub-total Marks /15 TOTAL / 50 MY TARGET MARKS 50 2175 /2176 30 July 2019 1 hour 45 minutes Humanities Social Studies GUANGYANG SECONDARY SCHOOL 2019 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Secondary Four Normal Academic CENTRE NUMBER CLASS / REG NO. INDEX NUMBER CANDIDATE NAME

2 SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. 1 Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the question, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. What is the message of this cartoon? Explain your answer using details from the source. [5] (b) Study Source B. Why do you think the Prime Minister of Canada announced the ban? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Sources C and D. After reading Source C, can you believe what Source D says about the ban on plastic bags? Explain your answer. [7] (d) Study Source E. Are you surprised by Source E? Explain your answer. [7] (e) Study all sources. How far do the sources in the case study show that plastics should be banned? Explain your answer. [10]

3 Should plastics be banned? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. Plastic has become part of our lives and can be found everywhere around us. From plastic straws, plastic bags to disposable plastic plates, bowls and cutlery, we have become very dependent on them. They are light, cheap and convenient. We need plastic bags to carry our groceries home, plastic bags to store our wet clothes i n or a dog poop bag. Disposable utensils are our first choice when there is a party. There is no need to wash up after – everyone simply uses it and throws them away into the plastic trash bag. An organization that sells sustainable grocery bags says that an average plastic bag has only a 12-minute lifespan, then it gets thrown away. About 8 million tons of plastic enters the ocean every year on the average and kill roughly 100,000 marine mammals each year. This has driven three US states to take steps to ban plastic bags, and it is already banned in 32 countries such as Canada and Ireland. Study the following sources to find out if plastics should be banned.

4 Source A: An online cartoon about the impact of plastic trash dumped in the ocean every year. Source B: Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau a t a news conference announcing his government's intention to ban single-use plastics, before the Canadian elections in October 2019. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced on Monday that in addition to banning single-use plastics, his government would take other, unspecified steps to reduce plastic pollution. Trudeau did not specify the products to be banned, but said it would likely include plastic bags, straws, cutlery, plates and stir sticks. “You’ve all heard the stories and seen the photos,” he said. “ As a dad , it is tough trying to explain this to my kids. How do you explain dead whales washing up on beaches across the world, their stomachs jam packed with plastic bags? How do I tell them that against all odds, you will find plastic at the very deepest point in the Pacific Ocean?” ARCTIC

5 Source C: An article on plastic bag bans, published on ‘The Conversation’ website, an independent source of news sourced from academic and research community. Governments are increasingly banning the use of plastic products, such as carryout bags, straws, utensils and microbeads. The goal is to reduce the amount of plastic going into landfills and waterways. And the logic is that banning som ething should make it less abundant. Why didn’t policymakers foresee that plastic bag bans could drive up trash bag sales? In my view, policymakers who want to minimize plastic use should consider ways to help people who want to reuse disposable bags. One option would be to offer incentives for producing inexpensive, thin carryout bags specifically designed and marketed to be used first as carryout bags, then for trash. Source D: An adapted article on “Why should we not ban plastic bags” by a freelance writer. When plastic bags given away for free in stores are banned, there's an increase in the types of plastic bags people can purchase to fulfill the same jobs as the free ones. Ireland saw a 400 percent increase in bin liner and large black garbage bag sales when the free plastic bags became subject to a 15 euro cents "plastax". It did decrease the use of plastic bags by about one billion per year, but that use was simply displaced in large part. The plastic in the replacement bags is thicker and a bigger threat to the environment than the thinner plastic in the free bags used in stores. Source E: An article “10 reasons why we should ban plastic bags” published on an environmental conservation website in February 2019. We hear everywhere around us that we need to save energy . But only a few of us realize that each time we accept those disposable plastic grocery bags at store checkout, we actively participate in wasting energy and depleting non -renewable resources. Majority of plastic bags are made of polyethylene, a substance derived from crude oil refining and natural gas processing. Oil and natural gas are non - renewable fossil fuel-based resources and through their extraction and production, they emit greenhouse gases, which contribute to global climate change. Globally, 8 to 10 percent of our current oil supply goes to a plastic bag manufacture. In the United States alone, up to 12 million barrels of oil are used each year to produce plastic bags.

6 Section B (Structured-Response Question) Question 2 is compulsory for all candidates. 2 Living in a Diverse Society Study Extract 1 carefully, and then answer the question. Extract 1 The Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) interviewed more than 2,000 local 19 to 30-year- olds and discovered that fewer were thinking of emigrating permanently. The findings of the 2016 survey, showed that 18.3 per cent had thought about emigrating, down from 21.2 per cent in 2010. On the pull of Singapore's national identity, 53.1 per cent of respondents said they would not renounce Singapore citizenship even if they were to become permanent residents in another country. This was an increase of 12.5 percent from 2010. Extract 2 Through the policy of assimilation, immigrants are expected to adopt the beliefs and practices of the majority group in the host country. Over time, the locals and immigrants will be homogenised with one identity. Extract 3 Through the policy of integration, immigrants are able to