NCHS Secondary 3 Pure Geog WA3 2023 MS

1 Marking Scheme Section A 1 A group of students investigated the experience of visitors at Jewel Changi Airport. Boasting a magnificent 40 -meter indoor waterfall, lush greenery, an extensive selection of dining and retail establishments, and a panoramic rooftop park, Jewel stands as a captivating destination within the confines of an airport. Study Fig 1.1 (Insert), which shows a layout of level 1 of Jewel Changi Airport. (a) The students designed a questionnaire to test the hypothesis “The indoor waterfall in Jewel Changi Airport serves as a unique attraction, leading to longer dwell times within the complex.” With reference to Fig 1.1 (Insert), explain how the students can sample visitors to collect the data needed to test their hypothesis. [3] Possible responses can include - Location of sample collection + reason - Timing of sample collection + reason - Sample size + reason - Method of sample collection + reason - Students can divide and locate themselves at the 4 entrances of the waterfall as there would be a large volume of visitors. - It also provide opportunities for the students to approach the visitors easily without disturbing the shops and businesses. - They can sample the visitors on a weekend as the flow of visitors will be the greatest since people are not working. - They can use the simple random sampling method as it is easy to carry out and will give data that is representative of the population. Accept other plausible responses (b) The questionnaire they used is shown in Fig 1.2 (Insert). With reference to Fig 1.2 (Insert), comment on the questions drafted and suggest possible improvements. [4] - Questions drafted are generally suitable, with a range of close - response and open -response questions, good for collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. - However, close -response and open -response questions are mixed, interviewees may find it hard to answer the questions as

2 they’re not sure whe ther they need to choose from a range of responses or answer with their own opinions. o Arrange close -response questions to go first since it is easier to answer, followed by open-ended questions. - For questions 4 and 5, there may be a wide range of timing given, making it difficult to analyse o Students may make these 2 questions close-response and give interviewees options to choose from instead, so that collation of data is easier. Accept other plausible responses. (c) Fig 1.3 (Insert) shows two mental maps drawn by two different interviewees. Using Fig 1.3 (Insert), compare the two mental maps and explain how it shows differences in the sense of place of the two interviewees. [3] - For both mental maps, they pl aced the waterfall in the middle of the map, which may signify that both of the two people accord the same importance to the space. - Mental map 1 provides a rough sketch of the waterfall but has no clear understanding of its spatial relationship with the surrounding shops. In contrast, Mental map 2, with its inclusion of labeled shops and surrounding details, enhances the spatial awareness and helps understand the relative positions of different ele ments within the area. o This shows that interviewee 2 is more familiar with Jewel and has a stronger sense of place. - Mental map 1 might provid e a more simplified and limited understanding of the area, mainly centered around the waterfall. In contrast, Mental map 2 captures both the waterfall and the broader context of the surrounding shops, leading to a more complete sense of place. o This shows that interviewee 2 may have more repeated encounters with Jewel. (d) Table 1.1 shows the results that the students have collected from 8 of the interviewees on the amount of time spent at the indoor waterfall and Jewel. Interviewee 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Time spent at indoor 35 20 10 20 30 35 30 25

3 waterfall (mins) Time spent at Jewel (mins) 70 50 80 55 70 60 75 60 Table 1.1 Using Table 1.1, plot the data for interviewees 7 and 8 on Fig 1.4 and draw a best fit line. [2] Fig 1.4 - 1m for correct plotting of points for interviewees 7 and 8. - 1m for drawing of best fit line in the correct direction. (e) Using Table 1.1 and Fig 1.4, evaluate how well the data supports the students’ hypothesis. [3] - Data supports hypothesis to a large extent / Interviewees who spent more time at the indoor waterfall also tended to have longer overall stays in Jewel Changi Airport / There is a positive relationship between the time spent at the indoor waterfall and the duration of the overall stay in Jewel Changi Airport. - (x-axis and y-axis data must be shown) // Comparative adjective of the time spent must be shown - From the data, when the time spent at the indoor waterfall is relatively short (e.g., 10-25 minutes), the overall stay in Jewel is also shorter (e.g., 50 -60 minutes). Conversely, when the time 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Time spent at indoor waterfall (mins) Time spent at Jewel (mins)

4 spent at the indoor waterfall is longer (e.g., 30-35 minutes), the overall stay in Jewel tends to be longer as well (e.g., 70 -80 minutes). - One anomaly is interviewee 3, who spent only 10 minutes at the indoor waterfall but had an overall stay of 80 minutes in Jewel Changi Airport. This contradicts the general trend observed in the data, where longer time spent at the waterfall corresponded to longer overall stays.

5 Section B 2 (a) Explain how the availability of transit routes influence travel between regions. [2] - The availability of transit routes influence the volume and direction of travel - Well-established and properly maintained transit routes reduce travel times and make it easier for people to reach their desired destinations. Improved accessibility encourage s more travel between regions as it reduces barriers and increases convenience. - Convenient transit routes can facilitate multi -destination travel, allowing tourists to visit multiple regions within a single trip. Instead of solely focusing on the final des tination, travelers may choose to explore several regions connected by efficient transit routes. Accept other plausible answers. (b) Compare the characteristics of Dependable -type travelers and Venturer-type travelers. [4] - 1m per comparison between Dependable -type travelers and Venturer-type travelers. e.g. Dependable-type travelers are more cautious on spending money while Venturer-type travelers spend money more readily. - Award max 1m if students discuss dependable-type and venture- type travelers in 2 separate paragraphs.

6 (c) "The main reason for the growth in domestic tourism is due to increased mobility in travel." Do you agree with this statement? Use examples to support your answer. [9] Level Marks Descriptors 3 7-9  Develops arguments that support both sides of the discussion clearly, using a range of points with good elaboration.  Examples used demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the issue or phenomenon.  Evaluation is derived from a well -reasoned consideration of the arguments. 2 4-6  Develops arguments that support one side of the discussion well, using one or two points with some elaboration.  Example(s) used demonstrate a good understanding of the issue or phenomenon.  Evaluation is well supported by arguments. 1 1-3  Arguments are unclear with limited description or may be listed.  No examples provided or examples are generic, demonstrating a basic understanding of the issue or phenomenon.  Evaluation is simple, missing or unclear. Sampl