2023 EOY - Northbrooks Egeog paper [Climate & GIEL]

1 Secondary 3 Express Humanities (Geography) Marking Guide Section A: Geography in Everyday Life Cluster Question Answer Marks 1(a) Explain how parks may provide regulating ecosystem services to a neighbourhood. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how parks may provide regulating ecosystem services for the neighbourhoods, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Trees in the parks can regulate the local climate by lowering surface/air temperatures [1 mark]. They do this by providing shade/reducing the amount of direct sunlight that reaches the surface [1 additional mark] OR they do this through evapotranspiration as the water that plants absorb through their roots is released into the air as water vapour. This process uses heat from the surrounding, thus cooling it [1 additional mark]. • The trees in the parks can regulate water flows by reducing surface runoff through retaining water in the soil [1 mark]. This may prevent/slow down the occurrences of flash floods/reduce the severity of floods [1 additional mark]. • The trees in the parks can regulate the air quality by removing pollutants from the atmosphere[1 mark]. Small particles are intercepted by leaves, which are washed to the ground when it rains [1 additional mark]. AO1 4 1(b) Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information on car and motorcycle accidents in Singapore in 2021. 4

2 Using Fig. 1.1, compare the number of accidents by type of vehicles and age groups. Award 1 mark for each comparison, to a maximum of 3 marks Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each comparison, where applicable. Possible responses include: • There were more motorcycle accidents resulting in injuries than car accidents [1 mark]. There were a total of 830 car accidents resulting in injuries as compared to 3340 motorcycle accidents [1 additional mark]. • The age group with the largest number of accidents is those between ages 25-34 [1 mark]. There were about 1340 accidents involving those between ages 25-34 [1 additional mark]. • The age group with the least number of accidents is those between ages 45-54 [1 mark]. There were about 550 accidents involving those between ages 45-54 [1 additional mark]. A02 1(c) Explain how a small population size in a neighbourhood may contribute towards social sustainability. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how a small population size contributes to social sustainability, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • A small population size is likely to facilitate regular interactions amongst residents [1 mark]. For example, in Singapore, block parties are organised by residents of each HDB block to promote closer relationships specifically among residents of the block [1 additional mark]. • A small population size may facilitate collective decision making on issues facing the neighbourhood [1 mark]. For example, in Singapore, residents are encouraged to join the Residents’ Networks, which are organised into zonal level, to participate in decision-making on issues affecting the neighbourhood [1 additional mark]. A01 4

3 1(d) Study Fig. 1.3, which shows information on domestic recycling rates in Singapore. Using Fig. 1.3, describe the trends in domestic recycling rates in Singapore. Award 1 mark for each description of a trend, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each comparison, where applicable. • The domestic recycling rate decreased between 2017 to 2022 [1 mark]. It decreased by 9% between 2017 to 2022 [1 additional mark]. • However, between 2017 and 2018, the recycling rate increased [1 mark]. • It increased by 1% between 2017 and 2018 [1 additional mark]. A02 3 1(e)(i) State why is sampling necessary. Award 1 mark for an explanation. Possible responses include: • Sampling is necessary because it is often not possible/practical/too time consuming to obtain information from the entire population [1 mark]. A01 1 1(e)(ii) Using the data from Table 1.1, state the mode of the data on park usage among the residents surveyed. Award 1 mark for correct mode identified. Mode: • Daily [1 mark]. A02 1

4 1e(iii) Using Table 1.1, complete the bar graph, Fig. 1.5. Award 1 mark for accurate plot of data. A02 1 1e(iv) Evaluate the reliability of the students’ data collection method. Award 1 mark for each explanation for or against the reliability of the data collection method, to a maximum of 6 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: Reliable: • The students’ closed-ended questionnaire survey asks whether respondents are residents in the neighbourhood, thus ensuring the data is valid for their investigation, and therefore reliable [1 mark]. • The students used simple random sampling to select the respondents, thus ensuring that respondents are selected without the conscious decision/thus removing the bias in their selection of respondents [1 mark]. Not reliable: • The students did not ensure that there is a mix of respondents (of different ages/ethnicities etc.). This might reduce the sample’s representation [1 mark]. • The students only surveyed 25 residents, which is a small sample size that may not be representative of the town [1 mark]. 6

5 • The students only carried out the survey at the town centre, and therefore the data collected may only be from those who live near the town centre. This reduces the sample’s representation [1 mark]. • The students only carried out the survey on a Monday morning. This might reduce the sample’s representation as most working adults might not be represented [1 mark]. • Their sample is rather small, which reduce the sample’s representation. In total, only 25 residents were surveyed [1 additional mark]. A03

6 Secondary 3 Express Humanities (Geography) Marking Guide Section B: Climate Cluster Question Answer Marks 2(a)(i) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows the global distribution of areas experiencing an equatorial climate. Using Fig. 2.1, describe the global distribution of areas experiencing an equatorial climate. Award 1 mark for the description of the global distribution of areas experiencing an equatorial climate. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of the description. Possible responses include: • The areas experiencing equatorial climate are generally located within the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn/near the equator/between latitudes 23.5°N and 23.5°S (+/- 3°N/S) [1 mark]. These includes Southeast Asia, Western/Central Africa, and Northeastern part of South America (minimum 2) [1 additional mark]. AO2 2

7 2(a)(ii) Study Fig. 2.2, which shows the climate of area X shown in Fig. 2.1. Using Fig. 2.2, outline the climatic characteristics of area X. Award 1 mark for each description of rainfall, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award 1 mark for each description of rainfall temperature, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. • Area X has a high mean annual temperature[1 mark]. The mean annual temperature is about 26.2°C /26.3°C[1 additional mark]. • Area X has a low annual temperature range [1 mark]. The annual temperature range is 2°C [1 additional mark]. • Area X has a high total annual rainfall [1 mark].The total annual rainfall is 2820mm [1 additional mark]. • The rainfall is quite evenly distributed throughout the year [1 mark]. Rainfal