2023 EOY - Northbrooks Egeog paper [Climate & GIEL]

1 Secondary 3 Express Humanities (Geography) Marking Guide Section A: Geography in Everyday Life Cluster Question Answer Marks 1(a) Explain how parks may provide regulating ecosystem services to a neighbourhood. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how parks may provide regulating ecosystem services for the neighbourhoods, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Trees in the parks can regulate the local climate by lowering surface/air temperatures [1 mark]. They do this by providing shade/reducing the amount of direct sunlight that reaches the surface [1 additional mark] OR they do this through evapotranspiration as the water that plants absorb through their roots is released into the air as water vapour. This process uses heat from the surrounding, thus cooling it [1 additional mark]. • The trees in the parks can regulate water flows by reducing surface runoff through retaining water in the soil [1 mark]. This may prevent/slow down the occurrences of flash floods/reduce the severity of floods [1 additional mark]. • The trees in the parks can regulate the air quality by removing pollutants from the atmosphere[1 mark]. Small particles are intercepted by leaves, which are washed to the ground when it rains [1 additional mark]. AO1 4 1(b) Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information on car and motorcycle accidents in Singapore in 2021. 4

2 Using Fig. 1.1, compare the number of accidents by type of vehicles and age groups. Award 1 mark for each comparison, to a maximum of 3 marks Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each comparison, where applicable. Possible responses include: • There were more motorcycle accidents resulting in injuries than car accidents [1 mark]. There were a total of 830 car accidents resulting in injuries as compared to 3340 motorcycle accidents [1 additional mark]. • The age group with the largest number of accidents is those between ages 25-34 [1 mark]. There were about 1340 accidents involving those between ages 25-34 [1 additional mark]. • The age group with the least number of accidents is those between ages 45-54 [1 mark]. There were about 550 accidents involving those between ages 45-54 [1 additional mark]. A02 1(c) Explain how a small population size in a neighbourhood may contribute towards social sustainability. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how a small population size contributes to social sustainability, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • A small population size is likely to facilitate regular interactions amongst residents [1 mark]. For example, in Singapore, block parties are organised by residents of each HDB block to promote closer relationships specifically among residents of the b