TMJC Cells Notes

Page 1 of 54 TMJC Biology unit Tampines Meridian Junior College JC1 H2/9744 Biology 2023 Core Idea 1A 1. Cell – The Basic Unit of Life SYLLABUS OVERVIEW No. Overarching Idea Topics 1 Core Idea 1 The Cell and Biomolecules of Life Cell – The Basic Unit of Life 2 Biomolecules of Life and Cellular Transport 3 Core Idea 3 Energy and Equilibrium Transformation of Energy – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration 4 Core Idea 2 Genetics and Inheritance Genetics and Inheritance (I) – The Cell Cycle 5 Genetics and Inheritance (II) – DNA Replication and Gene Expression 6 Genetics and Inheritance (III) – DNA Mutations and their Consequences 7 Genetics and Inheritance (IV) – Molecular Techniques in DNA Analysis 8 Genetics and Inheritance (V) – Organization of Genome & Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes [Includes Core Idea 1D: Stem Cells] 9 Genetics and Inheritance (VI) – Organization and Inheritance of Viral Genomes 10 Genetics and Inheritance (VII) – Organization of Genome & Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 11 Genetics and Inheritance (VIII) - Inheritance 12 Core Idea 3 Energy and Equilibrium Communication and Equilibrium in Multicellular Organisms 13 Core Idea 4 Biological Evolution Biological Evolution 14 Extension Topic A Infectious Diseases Immunity and Infectious Diseases 15 Extension Topic B Impact of Climate Change on Animals & Plants Climate Change – Causes and Impacts on Animals and Plants *Note: complete pre- lecture activity on pg 10 before lecture

Page 2 of 54 TMJC Biology unit TOPIC SYNOPSIS Core Idea 1 – The Cell and Biomolecules of Life – entails the study of cells, which are the basic units of life. The following questions should help you frame your learning: • Why is a cell the basic unit of life and how does it promote continuity of life? • How is the basic unit crucial in understanding life? • How are the structures of biomolecules related to their functions? • How do cells regulate the movement of substances into and out of themselves, and what a re the implications of such movements? • What are the differences between cells of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, between cells of plants and animals, and between cells of unicellular and multicellular organisms? • In what ways do viruses not fit the cell model? Sub-cellular structures provide the means to drive cellular processes Knowing how cellular structures facilitate specific cellular processes is fundamental to explaining how life ‘works’. The cell theory states that the cell is the smallest and most basic unit of life and that cells grow from existing cells. Understanding the role of cellular organelles (such as the nucleus, ribosome, chloroplast and mitochondrion) and cellular structures (for example, the cytoskeleton) will help in understanding the conc ept of how structure relates to function. There are significant differences between cells of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Using bacteria as a m