TMJC Biomolecules Notes

Page 1 of 142 Tampines Meridian Junior College JC1 H2/9744 Biology 2023 Core Idea 1B/1C/2A 2. Biomolecules of Life and Cellular Transport SYLLABUS OVERVIEW No. Overarching Idea Topics 1 Core Idea 1 The Cell and Biomolecules of Life Cell – The Basic Unit of Life 2 Biomolecules of Life and Cellular Transport 3 Core Idea 3 Energy and Equilibrium Transformation of Energy – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration 4 Core Idea 2 Genetics and Inheritance Genetics and Inheritance (I) – The Cell Cycle 5 Genetics and Inheritance (II) – DNA Replication and Gene Expression 6 Genetics and Inheritance (III) – DNA Mutations and their Consequences 7 Genetics and Inheritance (IV) – Molecular Techniques in DNA Analysis 8 Genetics and Inheritance (V) – Organization of Genome & Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes [Includes Core Idea 1D: Stem Cells] 9 Genetics and Inheritance (VI) – Organization and Inheritance of Viral Genomes 10 Genetics and Inheritance (VII) – Organization of Genome & Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 11 Genetics and Inheritance (VIII) - Inheritance 12 Core Idea 3 Energy and Equilibrium Communication and Equilibrium in Multicellular Organisms 13 Core Idea 4 Biological Evolution Biological Evolution 14 Extension Topic A Infectious Diseases Immunity and Infectious Diseases 15 Extension Topic B Impact of Climate Change on Animals & Plants Climate Change – Causes and Impacts on Animals and Plants Before 1st lecture: Pls complete and mark questions on pgs 5 and 6.

Page 2 of 142 TOPIC SYNOPSIS Core Idea 1: The Cell & Biomolecules of Life – entails the study of cells, which are the basic units of life. The following questions should help you frame your learning: o How are the structures of biomolecules related to their functions? o How do cells regulate the movement of substances into and out of themselves; and what are the implications of such movements? Biomolecules make up cells and cells regulate the m ovement of substances into and out of themselves and cellular processes through membranes The different classes of biomolecules (sugars, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) function as molecular building blocks for macromolecules to be assembled. Nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA, are made from monomers known as nucleotides. Phospholipids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and proteins are important components in biological membranes. Cells need to regulate the movement of substances into and out of themselves. Substances such as water, oxygen, glucose, minerals are important in the synthesis of new molecules and important cellular processes. According to the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes are selectively permeable due to the nature of the phospholipids and proteins from which they are made. The movement of different molecules depends on the nature of the substances through transport processes such as osmosis, diffusion and active transport. Membranes