ASRJC 2023 J1 MYE Ans Key

ASRJC 2023 JC1 H1 GEOGRAPHY MYCT ANSWER GUIDE 1 Cluster 1: Sustainable Future and Climate Change 1 Resource 1 shows the percentage of the total population that lives in urban areas for selected world regions from 1990 to 2050 (projected). Resource 2 shows the ecological footprints of Athens, Greece, and Cairo, Egypt. Resource 3 is a cross section of a home in Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED) to show water and power systems. BedZED is the UK’s largest sustainable urban development and was designed to be carbon neutral. (a) Using Resource 1, describe the variations in growth of urban populations in the world regions between 1990 and 2050. [4] Possible responses: • Overall increase in the percentages of tot al population living in urban areas for all world regions between 1990 and 2050. • However, there are differences in the rate of increase between more developed vs less developed regions: o More developed regions such as Europe and North America increased at a slower rate from 1990 to 2018 and also expected to be so from 2018 to 2050 ▪ For examp le, the percentage of total population livi ng in ur ban areas in Europe increased by 4% from 1990 to 2018 and is expected to increase by 10% from 2018 to 2050. ▪ The percentage of total population living in ur ban areas in North America is expected to see a consistent increase of 7% from 1990 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2050. o This is in contras t to less developed regions like Africa and Asia which increased at a faster ratE. ▪ For exa mple, the percentage of total population living in ur ban areas in Africa increased by 11% from 1990 to 2 018 and is expected to increase by 16% from 2018 to 2050. ▪ The percentage of total population living in ur ban areas in Asia increased by 18% from 1990 to 2 018, and is expected to increase by 16% from 2018 to 2050. (b) Suggest reasons for the variations in growth of urban populations in the world regions as seen in Resource 1. [4] Possible responses: • Trend of counter -urbanisation and lower rates of natural increase in developed regions o Reasons for counter-urbanisation: ▪ Changing residential preferences amongst people due to p eople’s perceptions of t he differences in q uality of life between large cities and smaller towns and villages; ▪ Improvements in health, education, and social service s in som e rural areas. ▪ [Facilitating factor] Improvements in transport, especially the construction of new motorways, and/or rail route s that enabl e longer-distance commuting; ▪ [Facilitating factor] Improvements in information and communications technology such as e-mail and video-conferencing facilities o Reasons for lower rates of natural increase: ▪ Changing perceptions of children and lifestyle aspirations

ASRJC 2023 JC1 H1 GEOGRAPHY MYCT ANSWER GUIDE 2 ▪ Women living in developed regions typically have greater access to education and modern methods of