geog essay outline

,SUD, elderly, woman,urban reimagining,liveability, waste,slums, impacts of cc, strategies of cc SLUMS Evaluate strategies Intro: Slum dwellers experience multiple deprivations in their everyday life such as lack of access to clean water and sanitation services, insecurity of tenure and overcrowded living conditions, all of which have adverse effects on their socio-economic well-being. Several strategies have been implemented to improve the lives of slum dwellers including top down and bottom up approaches such as redevelopment and self-help and in-situ upgrading schemes . The extent to which strategies implemented to manage urban slums have improved the lives of slum dwellers is dependent on the political ability of the government, the extent of stakeholder involvement and sustainability of the strategies in managing urban slums. CASE STUDIES Political ability Political ability refers to whether the government considers and takes into account the variety of issues faced by the slum dwellers and implements various strategies accordingly. The ability of the government to implement the strategies affects the degree of success of strategies implemented. Positive negative ● In Sg, squatter settlements were prevelant until HDB flats were set up in 1960 and now majority of the population stay in the public housing ○ Evaluation: success is due to long term strong political commitment as govt recognised and place high priority in addressing needs of low income families, offering them subsidies for housing ● São Paulo, Brazil, Cingapura project was a low cost housing initiative to move the poor population from favelas into high rise permanent structures ○ Evaluation: unsuccessful due to inability of govt to implement strategy properly as govt failed to fund the resources and use it for political agenda instead, hence improper inefficient implementation of strategy by the govt, lived of slum dwellers would not improve

Stakeholder involvement Issues faced by slum dweller are multifaceted, crucial that stakeholders like govt, community based organisation and slum community work together in order to understand the varying needs of slum dwellers It is evident that stakeholders play different yet irreplaceable roles to improve lives of slum dwellers and need to have sustained motivation to help them as these strategies take place over a long period of time Positive negative ● self help housing schemes for Kambi Moto com