CJC 2023 J1 MYE Ans Key

JC1 H2 Geography MYE (2023) Mark Scheme Marking Approaches (a) Point marking is used for marking all sub-parts of the structured question. • For point marking, the general rule is that each creditworthy response is awarded one mark. More detailed guidance is provided in the marking guide for each question. (b) Generic level descriptors are used for marking 20-mark essays. • Possible approaches are provided for questions marked using generic level descriptors. They provide guidance on how the questions could be approached. The possible approaches provided are neither exhaustive nor should they be treated as model approach to questions. Section A Cluster 4 Fieldwork 1 Five students undertook an investigation about whether the needs of the elderly have been met in Ang Mo Kio (AMK) Hub, a suburban shopping mall located in Ang Mo Kio in Singapore. They came up with a research question “Are the dietary and healthcare needs of the elderly met in AMK Hub?” They decided to collect the data on a weekday in June at 10am to 12 noon. They went to the mall directory and counted the number of clinics, health food stores and food establishments. They were unsure of some of the names and did not consider these stores in their total tally. They also stood at the entrance of a few shops to survey any elderly they saw. They surveyed a total of 9 elderly men and 1 elderly woman. Resource 1 shows the entrance of AMK Hub. Resource 2 shows the number of clinics, health food stores and food establishments that the students counted. Resource 3 shows the survey questions that the students used. Resource 4 shows the survey results. (a) Explain 3 strengths of the students’ research question. Award 1 mark for each explanation on the strengths of the research question. Answer must show that students understand these characteristics to qualify for 1 mark. Maximum of 1 mark for each strength. ● Manageable scope because 5 students can investigate 2 variables i.e. dietary needs and healthcare [3]

● Researchable because information about dietary needs and healthcare are easily available in the mall ● Clearly defined in variables and location AO1 (b) Explain how the students could minimise the impact of their investigation at the mall. Award 1 mark for each explanation on how students could minimise the impact of their investigation, to a maximum of 5 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. ● Stand at the side of the entrance so that they do not block the way of pedestrians or affect the business of the shop ● Avoid crowding together when counting shops or surveying people ● Lower noise to a minimum so that they do not disturb shoppers or businesses ● Do not litter ● Do not crowd around the mall directory so that they do not block other people AO1 [5] (c) With reference to the preamble, Resources 2 and 3, explain how the students could improve the accuracy and/or reliability of the survey. Award 1 mark for each explanation on how students could improve the accuracy and/or reliability of the investigation, to a maximum of 5 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. ● Accuracy: ○ Language translation of the survey in case elderly cannot understand the survey and answer inaccurately ○ Students should check the names of the stores to ensure that they do not miss anything out ○ Define some terms in the survey to ensure accuracy of responses ● Reliability: ○ Increase sample size ○ Sampling method should be either quota or stratified to get a good range of elderly across age groups, sex, ethnicity AO2 [6] (d) Explain how the data collected in the investigation could help answer the students’ research question. Award 1 mark for each explanation on how the data collected can answer the research question, to a maximum of 6 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional [6]

mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. A maximum of 3 marks if responses only address one set of data (e.g. establishments). • Resource 2 shows only 1 clinic for dental services which shows that there is not enough healthcare support for the elderly as it focuses only on one aspect of healthcare. • Resource 2 shows that there are 20 food establishments and 7 healthfood stores that can cater to the dietary needs of the elderly. • Good range of food and health food that can possibly cater to a range of ethnicities and dietary requirements for different groups of elderly. • But in Resource 4, most elderly said that there was nothing suitable for them under “how would you rate the variety of food options for yourself”, which shows that their dietary needs are not met. • A small group says that the food options are too expensive for them, which means that this is inaccessible for them due to cost. • Most say that the variety of food options is suitable or very suitable which corresponds to the range seen in Resource 2. AO2 Section B Cluster 3.1 Cities in a Sustainable Future 2 Resource 5 shows a graph of Global Urban and Rural Population from 1500 to 2050 (projected). Resource 6 shows the Population of Greater Brisbane and Rest of Queensland (1971-2019). Resource 7 shows the Master Plan for Brisbane’s Urban Reimaging (1996). (a) Cite data to describe changes in urban population as shown in Resource 5. Award 1 mark for each description using data from Resource 5 on the changes in urban population, to a maximum of 3 marks. Possible responses include: ● Urban population has increased from 0 in 1500 to a projected 7 billion 2050. ● From 1750 to 1950, there was a slow / gradual increase in urban population of around 0.6 billion ● From 1950 to 2050, the increase is rapid / sharp, of around 6.4 billion AO2 [3] (b) Explain how urban population loss may affect sustainable urban development. [4]

Award 1 mark for an explanation of how urban population loss may affect sustainable urban development, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: ● Urban population loss may result in loss of investments due to the decrease in working population, as businesses leave the city and no new investments are attracted in. ○ This affects economic sustainability due to the loss of employment opportunities and rise in poverty levels due to the decline in income ● As a result of the decrease in middle and upper-class population, this may lead to a decline in tax base ○ This affects social sustainability as the reduction in government revenue may result in less investments in the availability of public services and amenities (e.g. healthcare, education), which could lead to more health problems and lower literacy rates. ● As businesses and people migrate out and no new investments come in, this may result in abandoned and derelic buildings ○ This affects social and environmental sustainability as buildings degenerate into a state of disrepair, causing pollution and attracting vandalism and pest infections. ○ Abandoned buildings are also not rent-worhty as they have inferior infrastructure, which requires significant capital to renovate. ● Reduced manpower for policing due to decline in police patrol may cause lower security levels, increasing crime rates ● Decline in population and its accompanying problems as mentioned above may contribute to a pervasive sense of decay, reducing community spirit AO1 (c) Compare the population trends between Greater Brisbane and Rest of Queensland as shown in Resource 6. Award 1 mark for a comparison of population trends from Resource 6. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each comparison, where applicable. Award a maximum