Anderson Secondary S4 Prelims Mark Sheet (GEOG)

CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER: HUMANITIES Paper 2 Geography Additional Materials: Insert 2260/02 21 August 2024 1 hour 45 minutes 0800 – 0945 h MARK SCHEME O ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2024 Secondary Four Express

2 Section A Answer Question 1 and 2. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) The Soccer City Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa was built to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about the stadium. The Soccer City Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa - The largest stadium in South Africa, with a capacity for 94,000 spectators. - It has a unique design that is inspired by the Calabash, a traditional African Pot that represents the melting pot of cultures in the African continent. - The stadium is used to host international and local football tournaments, rugby matches, and concerts. Fig. 1.1 With reference to Fig. 1.1, describe how people in Johannesburg, South Africa may acquire a sense of place from the Soccer City stadium. [3] Award 1m for each description, up to 3 m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. • It is the largest stadium in South Africa, making it a significant landmark that is highly visible and easy to remember. [1] • It is uniquely designed based on the cultures of the African continent that citizens can identify with [1] • The Soccer City stadium has held significant/ memorable international and local events, hence people may attach meaning to the stadium. [1] AO2 (b) Describe how trees in parks can provide regulating ecosystem services for the neighbourhood. [2] Award 1m for each description, up to 2 m.

3 • Trees can lower surface area and air temperatures by providing shade to residents. [1] • They can also cool areas by generating rainfall (Note: This point is more relevant at a larger scale. Ok to award students but do highlight during script check). [1] • Vegetation can reduce surface runoff by retaining water in the soil, helping to prevent floods. [1] • Trees can remove pollutants from the atmosphere to improve air quality. [1] AO1 (c) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), which shows the global death rate from road injuries in 2021. With reference to Fig. 1.2, describe the global distribution of deaths from road injuries in 2021. [3] Award 1m for each description, up to 3 m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. • Death rate from road injuries is highest in Central Africa and Middle East, with at least 30 deaths per 100,000 people, [1] • Such as Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Saudi Arabia, Yemen [1 additional mark – students only need to quote 2 specific countries] • Death rate from road injuries is moderate with 10-29 deaths per 100,000 people in USA, Mexico South America continent (except Chile) and most regions in Asia [1] • Death rate is lowest with 0-9 deaths per 100,000 in Australia, Chile, Canada and throughout Europe [1] AO2 (d) A group of Singapore students were investigating the residents’ sense of place in a precinct in Hougang. As part of their investigation, they wanted to find out if duration of residency has an impact on their opinions about the Hougang precinct that the residents live in . They came up with the hypothesis that ‘The longer the duration of residency, the more positive the residents’ opinions about Hougang are’. They conducted a survey to gather data for their investigation. The results of the survey are shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1

4 Residents’ opinions about their precinct Question: Do you like living in Hougang? Please provide reasons. Duration of residency 5 years and shorter 6 to 10 years 11 to 15 years 16 years or longer % of respondents who selected “Yes” 50% 65% 70% 85% Positive reasons (for “Yes” response) Negative reasons (for “No” response) • There is sentimental value - Positive memories since young • This is where I grew up • My family members are living nearby • Accessible – close proximity to MRT and bus stops • Noisy and dusty environment with ongoing housing construction • Poor estate maintenance • Insufficient food options • Lack of greenery since new public and private housing built many years ago With reference to Table 1.1, evaluate how well the data supports the hypothesis. [6] Award 1 mark for each evaluation of the validity of students’ findings, up to 6m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. Support • A larger percentage of residents who have lived in Hougang longer indicated that they like living in Hougang . [1] Only half of the residents who stay in HG for 5 years or less provided positive response while it is positive for a large majority of those who stay 16 years and longer (85%) [1 additional mark] • The p ercentage also increased with longer duration of residency. [1] It has increased from merely 50% to 85% with longer length of stay [1 additional mark] • The positive responses such as ‘place I grew up in’ and ‘memories from young’ are likely from residents who have lived in Hougang for a long time and supports the hypothesis that they have positive views about it. [1] Does not support • The negative comment ‘ insufficient greenery since new public and private housing were built many years ago’ is likely from long-term residents who have observed the changes over the years [1] • Insufficient evidence to definitively prove either stand [1] as the sorting of the collated results is based on positive or negative categories and not according to residency duration. [1 additional mark]

5 AO3 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Explain a negative social impact that tourism may bring about to the tourist destination regions. [4] Award 1m for each description, up to 4 m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description (including relevant examples), where applicable. • As demand for heritage tourism increases, traditions may undergo commodification and lose their authenticity. [1] • Cultural rituals may be exaggerated, staged, or condensed to suit the needs and requests of tourists. [1 additional mark] • Art forms may be mass-produced for tourists [1 additional mark] • This weakens their cultural value for the local community [1] • Conflict among locals may occur between those who fear losing the authenticity of their cultures. [1] OR • Destination regions may experience rise in crime rates [1] • as tourists often carry large sums of money and other valuables, making them lucrative targets [1] • Tourists are also more likely to be relaxed and off guard, making them easier targets [1 additional mark] • Tourists may also be targeted due to negative sentiments from some locals towards them [1 additional mark] • The increased crime rates may make locals feel less safe. [1] AO1 (b) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows a brochure about a travel programme in Costa Rica. Brochure about a travel programme in Costa Rica

6 Fig. 2.1 (i) With reference to Fig. 2.1, identify the personality type of tourists who are more likely to be interested in the travel programme in Costa Rica. [1] Award 1m for identifying the personality type of tourists. Venturer-type tourists [1] AO1 (ii) Suggest reasons for your answer in (b)(i). [4] Award 1m for each description, up to 4 m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further developmen